Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery Poverty drives the unsuspecting poor into the
hands of traffickers Published reports
& articles from 2000 to 2025 gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Chad.htm
Chad is a source,
transit, and destination country for children trafficked for the purposes of
forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. Most trafficked children are
subjected to domestic servitude, forced begging, forced labor in cattle
herding, fishing, and street vending, and for commercial sexual exploitation.
A 2005 UNICEF study on child domestic workers, including those in domestic
servitude, in Ndjamena found that 62 percent were boys. Young girls sold or
forced into marriage are forced by their husbands into domestic servitude and
agricultural labor. Chadian children are also trafficked to Cameroon, the
Central African Republic, and Nigeria for cattle herding. Children may also
be trafficked from Cameroon and the Central African Republic to Chad’s oil
producing regions for sexual exploitation.
- U.S. State Dept Trafficking in Persons
Report, June, 2009 Check out a later country report here
or a full TIP Report here |
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CAUTION: The following links have
been culled from the web to illuminate the situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEB-PAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of Human Trafficking are of
particular interest to you. Would you like
to write about Forced-Labor? Debt
Bondage? Prostitution? Forced Begging? Child Soldiers? Sale of Organs? etc. On the other
hand, you might choose to include precursors of trafficking such as poverty and hunger. There is a lot to
the subject of Trafficking. Scan other
countries as well. Draw comparisons
between activity in adjacent countries and/or regions. Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Protection Project
- The www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/chad.doc [Last accessed 2009] FORMS OF TRAFFICKING
-
Children from Chadian children
trafficked to the Children are
trafficked internally within the country. One farmer in the south of Young girls known
as tallanis, who sell foodstuffs on city streets, are sometimes kidnapped for
occult practices or sexual exploitation or both. Also, poor families from
rural areas send their children to live with relatives or friends in the city
so that the children may be educated. Often the girls are financially or
sexually exploited. Girls are also brought from the countryside to work in
drinking establishments, where clients sexually exploited them. ***
ARCHIVES *** 2020 Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices: Chad U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, 30 March 2021 www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/chad/
[accessed 27 May
2021] PROHIBITION OF
FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR Government efforts
to enforce the law were not consistently effective. The government did not
conduct adequate inspections. There were no reports of prosecutions. Forced labor,
including forced child labor, occurred in the informal sector. Children and
adults in rural areas were involved in forced agricultural labor, gold
mining, charcoal production, and, in urban areas, forced domestic servitude.. PROHIBITION OF CHILD
LABOR AND MINIMUM AGE FOR EMPLOYMENT Child laborers were
subjected to domestic servitude, forced begging, and forced labor in cattle
herding, agriculture, fishing, and street vending. Local children were also
found in forced cattle herding in Cameroon, the CAR, and Nigeria. Child
herders often lived in substandard conditions without access to school or
proper nutrition. Their parents and herders generally agreed on an informal
contract for the child’s labor that included a small monthly salary and a
goat after six months or a cow at the end of a year. Local NGOs reported
compensation often was not paid. According to the Chadian Women Lawyers’
Association, girls sold or forced into child marriages were forced by their
husbands into domestic servitude and agricultural labor. Freedom House
Country Report 2020 Edition freedomhouse.org/country/chad/freedom-world/2020 [accessed 8 July
2020] G4. DO INDIVIDUALS
ENJOY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND FREEDOM FROM ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION? Chad has adopted minimum
wage and occupational health and safety laws, but they are not well enforced
and many workers are unaware of or lack access to formal channels through
which they may seek redress for mistreatment; corruption also impedes workers
from obtaining redress. Unpaid wages are a problem in many sectors. Chad is a source,
transit, and destination country for child trafficking. Chad has made efforts
to counter human trafficking, such as initiating judicial proceedings against
suspected traffickers, however criminal proceedings that return verdicts are
rare. 2017 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2018 www.dol.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ilab/ChildLaborReport_Book.pdf [accessed 17 April
2019] www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2017/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 24 April
2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 270] Child trafficking
occurs primarily within Chad for the purposes of forced labor in cattle
herding, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. In isolated
incidents, boys may be forced to herd cattle for military or government officials.
(2; 5; 9) Domestically, boys
known as mahadjirine may be sent to Koranic schools
to receive an education, but they are forced to beg and then surrender the
money they receive to their teachers. (1; 2; 5). UN expert urges France,
Chad to probe children case Mathaba, Nov. 7,
2007 -- Source: Xinhua, Nov. 6, 2007 mathaba.net/news/?x=569919 [accessed 28 January
2011] [accessed 26 April
2020] Some members of the
French NGO, named Arche de Zoe, were arrested in Chad on Oct. 25, following
its alleged attempt to abduct and transfer 103 children to CHAD-SUDAN: Legal
Framework a Hindrance in 'Child-Trafficking' Case Integrated Regional
Information Networks (IRIN), 1 www.irinnews.org/report/75096/chad-sudan-legal-framework-a-hindrance-in-child-trafficking-case [accessed 8 March 8,
2015] Six members of the
group - arrested on 25 October - have been charged with abducting minors for
the purpose of changing their civil status (giving them new parents), a crime
that carries a penalty of five to 20 years of forced labour. Although the
information has not yet been verified, there is speculation in this case that
the children were willingly handed over, in which case abduction would be
difficult to prove, Ndiaye said.
Trafficking legislation usually encompasses the illegal recruitment of
children from "vulnerable" parents, who may agree to give up their
children because they cannot care for them, he said. A conviction in child trafficking also
allows authorities to seize any assets used in the commission of the crime,
Ndiaye said, which can deter future incidences. Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 4 June 1999 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/chad1999.html [accessed 28 January
2011] [35] While taking
note of the existing awareness and political will regarding the problems
caused by the involvement of children in armed conflict, the Committee
remains seriously concerned about the lack of resources available to support
the rehabilitation and social reintegration of demobilized child soldiers.
The Committee is particularly concerned about the situation of traumatized or
permanently disabled former child soldiers and their lack of access to
compensation or other support services. The Committee recommends that the
State party ensure the enforcement of its legislation banning the recruitment
of children under 18 years. It also encourages the redoubling of efforts to
allocate the necessary resources, if necessary with international assistance,
to the rehabilitation and social reintegration of former child soldiers, and
in particular to provide compensation and support services to traumatized or
permanently disabled former child soldiers Human Rights
Overview by Human
Rights Watch – Defending Human Rights Worldwide [accessed 28 January
2011] ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** 2017 Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, 20 April 2018 www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2017/af/276983.htm
[accessed 19 March
2019] www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/chad/ [accessed 25 June
2019] PROHIBITION OF
FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR Forced labor,
including forced child labor, occurred in the informal sector. Children and
adults in rural areas were involved in forced agricultural labor and, in
urban areas, forced domestic servitude. PROHIBITION OF CHILD
LABOR AND MINIMUM AGE FOR EMPLOYMENT Child laborers were
subjected to domestic servitude, forced begging, and forced labor in cattle
herding, agriculture, fishing, and street vending. Chadian children were also
found in forced cattle herding in Cameroon, the CAR, and Nigeria. Child
herders often lived in substandard conditions without access to school or
proper nutrition. Their parents and herders generally agreed on an informal
contract for the child’s labor that included a small monthly salary and a
goat after six months or a cow at the end of a year. Local NGOs reported,
however, compensation often was not paid. According to the Chadian Women
Lawyers’ Association, girls sold or forced into child marriages were forced
by their husbands into domestic servitude and agricultural labor. Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61561.htm [accessed 7 February
2020] CHILDREN - Several human
rights organizations reported on the problem of the mahadjir
children who attended certain Islamic schools and were forced by their
teachers to beg for food and money. There was no reliable estimate of the
number of mahadjir children. During the year the
High Islamic Council held a public meeting with imams from around the country
to discuss the treatment of children under Islam. TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS
– Although the law prohibits trafficking in persons, persons were trafficked
within the country. Children were trafficked for forced labor, primarily as
herders or domestic workers (see section 6.d.). A 2004 NGO survey of 500
child herders who had been returned to their parents indicated that there may
have been between 1,500 and 2 thousand children between 6 and 17 years of age
who had been trafficked as child herders. Local authorities, religious
groups, and NGOs rescued 256 children in 2004-05. The government
arrested traffickers during the year. In May a citizen was arrested in SECTION
6 WORKER RIGHTS
– [d] There were cases in some southern regions in which families sold their
children. In some areas local authorities fined
parents caught selling their children into forced labor. To avoid detection,
some families worked with intermediaries to pass children from families to
the farm owners. During the year
there were reports that in the southern part of the country families
contracted out their children to Arab nomadic herders to help care for their
animals, and the children often were abused and returned with little
financial compensation for their work. There were also
credible reports that children were forced into slavery. According to a 2004
UN news service report, aid workers in the country estimated that families
have sold as many as two thousand children--some as young as eight--into a
system of slavery in which they worked as child cattle herders. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/chad.htm [accessed 28 January
2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - There are reports of child trafficking in Chad,
mostly internally. There were also instances of families selling their
children into forced labor in farming and herding, either directly or through
intermediaries, and reports that mahadjir children,
who attend Islamic schools, were forced by their teachers to beg for food and
money. Although in 2003, UNICEF
estimated that there were approximately 600 child soldiers serving in
government security forces and armed groups in the country, the number of
child soldiers was believed to have decreased during 2004, and there were no
additional reports of recruitment of children for use as soldiers. All
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