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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in Nigeria in the early years of the 21st Century. Some of
these links may lead to websites that present allegations that are
unsubstantiated, misleading or even false. No attempt has been
made to validate their authenticity or to verify their content. HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of poverty are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring the relationship between distribution of labor and
per-capita GDP, for example. Perhaps
your paper could focus on life expectancy or infant mortality. Other factors of interest might be
unemployment, literacy, access to basic services, etc. On the other hand, you might choose to
include some of the possible outgrowths of poverty such as Human Trafficking,
Street Children,
or even Prostitution. There is a lot to the subject of
Poverty. Scan other countries as well
as this one. Draw comparisons between
activity in adjacent countries and/or regions. Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. *** Extreme Weather *** Nigeria experiences
heatwaves, especially in the northern regions. The annual mean temperature is
around 26.9°C. During heatwaves, temperatures can soar above 35°C, posing
risks to health and well-being. The hot semi-arid climate in the northern
part of the country makes it more vulnerable to these extreme heat events. In the northeast,
there can be significant temperature fluctuations. Before the onset of rains,
temperatures can rise as high as 44°C, while during the dry season (between
December and February), they drop to as low as 6°C. In summary, Nigeria
is classified as one of the ten most vulnerable countries to climate change
globally. The country faces exposure to various extreme weather events,
including floods, droughts, sandstorms, and heatwaves. – adapted
from Microsoft BING Copilot *** ARCHIVES *** The World Factbook - Nigeria U.S. Central Intelligence Agency CIA www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html [accessed 16
November 2020] World Factbook
website has moved to ---> www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/ [accessed 6 January 2021] Despite its strong
fundamentals, oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by inadequate power supply,
lack of infrastructure, delays in the passage of legislative reforms, an
inefficient property registration system, restrictive trade policies, an
inconsistent regulatory environment, a slow and ineffective judicial system,
unreliable dispute resolution mechanisms, insecurity, and pervasive
corruption. GDP - per capita (PPP): $5,900 (2017 est.) Labor force - by
occupation: agriculture: 70% industry: 10% services: 20% (1999 est.) Unemployment rate: 16.5% (2017 est.) Population below
poverty line: 70% (2010 est.) Maternal mortality
rate: 917 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) Infant mortality
rate: total: 59.8 deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at
birth: total population: 60.4 years Drinking water
source: improved: total: 77.9% of population Physicians
density: 0.45 physicians/1,000 population (2016) Sanitation facility
access: improved: total: 59.7% of population Electricity access:
electrification - total population: 59.3%
(2016) The
Borgen Project - Nigeria borgenproject.org/category/nigeria/ [accessed 23 February 2021] The Borgen Project works with U.S. leaders to utilize the
United States’ platform behind efforts toward improving living conditions for
the world’s poor. It is an innovative,
national campaign that is working to make poverty a focus of U.S. foreign
policy. It believes that leaders of
the most powerful nation on earth should be doing more to address global
poverty. From ending segregation to providing women with the right to vote,
nearly every wrong ever righted in history was achieved through advocacy. The
Borgen Project addresses the big picture, operating
at the political level advancing policies and programs that improve living
conditions for those living on less than $1 per day. ~
How Covid-19 Has Slowed Nigeria’s Access To Medicine borgenproject.org/access-to-medicine/ ~
5 Social Issues Dividing Nigeria borgenproject.org/social-issues-dividing-nigeria/ ~
The Potential Of CCT Programs In Nigeria borgenproject.org/cct-programs-in-nigeria/ ~
Gender Inequality In Nigeria’s Tech Industry borgenproject.org/gender-inequality-in-nigeria/ ~
A Promise To Prioritize Teachers In Nigeria borgenproject.org/prioritizing-teachers-in-nigeria/ Conflict, climate change, and COVID-19 drive extreme hunger Oxfam, 9 July 2021 www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/stories/conflict-climate-change-and-covid-19-drive-extreme-hunger/ [accessed 19 July 2021] The
effects of conflict, COVID-19, and climate change have intensified the global
hunger crisis. WEST AFRICAN
SAHEL - DRIVERS OF HUNGER: CONFLICT -- The region encompassing Burkina
Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal has seen a 67
percent increase in hunger since last year. Continued violence has forced 5.3
million people to flee their homes. Insecurity has cut off farmers from their
agriculture. Last year, along with the economic impact of COVID-19, the
climate crisis disrupted the agricultural season, limiting stocks and
people’s livelihoods. Hunger Hotspots - FAO-WFP early warnings on acute food insecurity - March to July 2021 outlook Food and Agriculture Org of the UN FAO, World Food Program WFP, 2021 [accessed 30 May 2021] COUNTRIES
WITH CATASTROPHIC SITUATIONS: FAMINE-LIKE CONDITIONS OR FACTORS LEADING TO A
RISK OF FAMINE -- In the conflict-affected areas of northern Nigeria, the
situation is extremely concerning given the marked deterioration of food
security conditions despite the recent harvest. Projections for the upcoming
lean season (June-August 2021) portray a further marked deterioration with
people in emergency acute food insecurity (CH Phase 4) likely to almost
double, rising to over 1.2 million* compared to over 669 000 people estimated
in June to August 2020. The majority of people with critical food insecurity
are in Borno State, as a result of heavy
humanitarian access constraints and ongoing conflict. Here, the localities of
Abadam, Dikwa, Guzamala, Kukawa and Marte, as well as other only-partially accessible
garrison towns, remain of extreme concern. Should the situation deteriorate
further, these areas may be at risk of famine. Hunger,
poverty and challenge of innovative food storage Patricia Pessu, Punch, 17 May 2021 punchng.com/hunger-poverty-and-challenge-of-innovative-food-storage/ guardian.ng/opinion/hunger-poverty-and-the-challenge-of-food-storage/ [accessed 19 May 2021] Outside
of those months when both corn and pear are in season, this delicious
combination is unavailable. Interestingly, during those harvest months,
enough corn and pear to sustain the country for a substantial period, perhaps
even an entire year, may have been harvested. But with inadequate knowledge
and utilisation of modern and cost-effective
storage and preservation methods, tonnes of maize
and pear end up wasted every year. The
same applies to many other agricultural commodities in Nigeria. At harvest
periods, there is often a surplus, but in the absence of proper storage, a
huge proportion of these harvests eventually go to waste. These perennial
losses pose a huge threat to the economic wellbeing of farmers, a majority of
whom operate at the subsistence level. US
Embassy, Foundation Empower Schoolgirls With Technological Skills News Agency of Nigeria NAN, 9 May 2021 leadership.ng/us-embassy-foundation-empower-schoolgirls-with-technological-skills/ [accessed 9 May 2021] A
Non-Governmental Organization, Odyssey Educational Foundation, in
collaboration with the United States Embassy in Nigeria on Saturday equipped
underprivileged girls in public schools within the FCT with 21st century
technological skills. The
foundation’s Country Director, Stella Denis, said during the 2021 Technovation ceremony in Abuja, that the effort was aimed
at promoting Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education
and application among young girls. “Over
the years, we have had girls develop mobile apps aimed at tackling community
problems ranging from poor education, poverty and hunger, gender
inequalities, corruption to climate change, ’’she said. Food
inflation pushing millions of Nigerians into hunger, poverty BizWatchNigeria, 26 April 2021 [accessed 28 April 2021] The
prices of essential food items are rising beyond the reach of Nigerians and
this situation is deepening hunger and dragging more people into poverty. Last
year, the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown affected local food production and
farm output, leading to economic instability and loss of jobs. Loss of
means of livelihood for many Nigerians and slashed salaries for others have reduced
their ability to buy basic food items, heightening hunger and thwarting cash
transfer initiatives of the Nigerian authorities to households and
businesses. The
rise in the food inflation was caused by increases in prices of bread and
cereals, potatoes, yam, and other tubers, Meat, Vegetables, Fish, Oils and
fats, and fruits. From
MDGs to SDGs: The Nigeria Story This Day, 11 April 2021 www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/04/11/from-mdgs-to-sdgs-the-nigeria-story/ [accessed 11 April 2021] In
addition, the OSSAP-SDGs has between 2016 and 2019 constructed about 60 Type
A & Type B Primary Health Centres, rehabilitated
12 different Hospitals, while 75 Intensive Care and Rural Ambulances have
been supplied to various Hospitals across the country. The Type A & B
Primary Healthcare Centres are located in Jimeta, Adamawa State, Tilde Fulani, Toro LGA in Bauchi State,
Ibbi, Taraba North Senatorial District in Taraba
State, Kudu, Mokwa Niger Central Senatorial
District in Niger State, Daura in Katsina State, Nasarawa town, Gudi, Akwanga LGA in Nasarawa state
and Ogun Central Senatorial District, Ogun State. These interventions
are directly linked to the achievement of Goal 3 on ‘Quality Health and
Well-being for all’ and other cross-cutting SDGs. The Targets include
reducing the global maternal and mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100, 000
live births, end preventable deaths of new born and children under 5years old
and ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health care
services, which includes family planning, information and education. The
efforts of the Office in addressing this, has been receiving commendation. How expanding mobile broadband coverage is lifting millions out of poverty Castelan, Castells, Masaki, and Cruz, World Bank, 16 December 2020 www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/12/expanding-mobile-broadband-coverage-poverty/ [accessed 17 December 2020] To
contribute to having a clearer picture of how mobile broadband impacts welfare,
a joint team from the World Bank and the GSMA recently developed an
innovative study looking at the impact of mobile broadband on poverty
reduction in Nigeria—the largest mobile market and economy in Africa. So what
did we find? Not only did mobile broadband improve welfare but its effects
were larger for those households that were exposed a longer period of time to
areas with a broadband signal. Extreme
poverty for these households declined by about 4 percentage points after one
year of gaining mobile broadband coverage; and about 7 percentage points
after two or more years of coverage (at the $1.90 per day poverty line)
(Figure 2). This corresponds to lifting approximately 2.5 million people out
of extreme poverty in the country. The welfare effects were particularly
pronounced for rural households. These results attest to the critical role
that mobile broadband plays in poverty reduction in Nigeria, and potentially
more broadly across Africa. Action
Against Hunger - Nigeria www.actionagainsthunger.org/countries/africa/nigeria [accessed 21 March 2021] Nigeria
is Africa’s wealthiest, most populous nation, and its fastest-growing economy.
Despite this, more than half of the country lives below the poverty line, and
northern Nigeria suffers the world’s third highest level of chronic
undernutrition among children. This silent crisis is caused by lack of access
to safe water and sanitation, rising food insecurity, the disruption of basic
services due to conflict, and poor knowledge of healthy feeding practices for
infants and young children. The
World Bank in Nigeria www.worldbank.org/en/country/nigeria/overview [accessed 21 April 2021] The
World Bank is helping to fight poverty and improve living standards for the
people of Nigeria with more than 130 IBRD loans and IDA credits since 1958. Looking back a few years … Advameg, Inc., Encyclopedia of the Nations www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Nigeria-ECONOMY.html [accessed 17 December 2020] The Nigerian
economy, with an enterprising population and a wealth of natural resources,
offers tremendous potential for economic growth. However, poor economic
policy, political instability, and an overreliance on oil exports has created severe structural problems in the economy.
Crude oil accounted for over 95% of exports and over 80% of government
revenue in 2002; Nigeria is the world's sixth-largest exporter of oil.
However, agricultural remains the basic economic activity for the majority of
Nigerians. Crop yields have not kept pace with the average population growth
of 3%, and Nigeria must import most of its food. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT
COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Prof. Martin
Patt, "Poverty - Nigeria", http://gvnet.com/poverty/Nigeria.htm,
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