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CAUTION: The following links and
accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation
in Kazakhstan in the early years of the 21st Century. Some of these
links may lead to websites that present allegations that are unsubstantiated,
misleading or even false. No attempt has been made to validate
their authenticity or to verify their content. HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this
page and others to see which aspects of poverty are of particular interest to
you. You might be interested in
exploring the relationship between distribution of labor and per-capita GDP,
for example. Perhaps your paper could
focus on life expectancy or infant mortality.
Other factors of interest might be unemployment, literacy, access to
basic services, etc. On the other
hand, you might choose to include some of the possible outgrowths of poverty
such as Human Trafficking,
Street Children,
or even Prostitution. There is a lot to the subject of
Poverty. Scan other countries as well
as this one. Draw comparisons between
activity in adjacent countries and/or regions. Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. *** Extreme Weather *** Kazakhstan,
with its vast and diverse landscape, experiences an extreme continental
climate characterized by long, hot summers and bitterly cold winters. During
the summer months, Kazakhstan basks in intense heat. The northern regions
witness temperatures soaring to scorching levels. For instance, in the
capital city of Nur-Sultan (formerly known as Astana), the mercury can climb
to 52°C. These high temperatures are a result of the country’s distance from
the ocean, which leads to a dry and continental climate. Winters
in Kazakhstan are no less extreme. The northern parts of the country endure
long and frigid winters. In some years, temperatures plummet to a
bone-chilling -52°C. However, occasional thaws bring relief, with
temperatures rising to around 5°C. Extreme
Cold Events: Kazakhstan has witnessed extreme cold spells, with temperatures
dropping as low as minus 40 degrees centigrade. These harsh conditions prompt
school closures and disrupt daily life due to heavy snowfall and blizzards. – adapted from Microsoft BING Copilot World
Bank Climate & Develoment Reports Kazakhstan Country Climate and Development Report, World Bank Group, Nov 2022 [accessed 11 Dec 2024] The
World Bank Group’s Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs) are new
core diagnostic reports that integrate climate change and development
considerations. The CCDR for Kazakhstan identifies ways that Kazakhstan can
achieve its development objectives while fostering the transition to a more
green, resilient, and inclusive development pathway.
It sets out policy reforms and investments needed to build resilience to
climate change impacts and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while
creating a more diversified, competitive and sustainable economy. *** ARCHIVES *** The World Factbook - Kazakhstan U.S. Central Intelligence Agency CIA www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html [accessed 31
December 2020] World Factbook
website has moved to ---> www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/ [accessed 5 January 2021] Kazakhstan's
vast hydrocarbon and mineral reserves form the backbone of its economy.
Geographically the largest of the former Soviet republics, excluding Russia,
Kazakhstan, g possesses substantial fossil fuel
reserves and other minerals and metals, such as uranium, copper, and zinc. It
also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. The
government realizes that its economy suffers from an overreliance on oil and
extractive industries and has made initial attempts to diversify its economy
by targeting sectors like transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications,
petrochemicals and food processing for greater development and investment. It
also adopted a Subsoil Code in December 2017 with the aim of increasing
exploration and investment in the hydrocarbon, and particularly mining,
sectors. GDP -
per capita (PPP): $26,300 (2017
est.) Labor
force - by occupation: agriculture:
18.1% industry:
20.4% services: 61.6% (2017 est.) Unemployment
rate: 5% (2017
est.) Population
below poverty line: 2.6% (2016
est.) Maternal
mortality rate: 10 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) Infant mortality
rate: total: 17.9 deaths/1,000 live births Life
expectancy at birth: total population: 72 years Drinking
water source: improved: total: 97.4% of
population Physicians
density: 3.98 physicians/1,000 population (2014) Sanitation
facility access: improved: total: 99.9% of
population Electricity
access: electrification - total population: 100% (2016) The
Borgen Project - Kazakhstan borgenproject.org/category/kazakhstan/ [accessed 8 February
2021] The Borgen Project works with U.S. leaders to utilize the
United States’ platform behind efforts toward improving living conditions for
the world’s poor. It is an innovative,
national campaign that is working to make poverty a focus of U.S. foreign
policy. It believes that leaders of
the most powerful nation on earth should be doing more to address global
poverty. From ending segregation to providing women with the right to vote,
nearly every wrong ever righted in history was achieved through advocacy. The
Borgen Project addresses the big picture, operating
at the political level advancing policies and programs that improve living
conditions for those living on less than $1 per day. ~
Hunger In Kazakhstan: Past, Present And Future borgenproject.org/hunger-in-kazakhstan/ ~
Healthcare In Kazakhstan: Problems And Solutions borgenproject.org/healthcare-in-kazakhstan/ ~
Poverty In Kazakhstan Is Like A Small Business borgenproject.org/poverty-in-kazakhstan/ ~
10 Facts About Sanitation In Kazakhstan borgenproject.org/sanitation-in-kazakhstan/ ~
Water Competition And Efficiency In Kazakhstan borgenproject.org/water-competition-and-efficiency-in-kazakhstan/ ~
4 Facts About Kazakhstan Bank Debts borgenproject.org/4-facts-about-kazakhstan-bank-debts/ ~
10 Facts About Life Expectancy In Kazakhstan borgenproject.org/10-facts-about-life-expectancy-in-kazakhstan/ ~
Top 10 Facts About Living Conditions In Kazakhstan borgenproject.org/top-10-facts-about-living-conditions-in-kazakhstan/ ~
Cautious Hope: Top 10 Facts About Poverty In Kazakhstan borgenproject.org/cautious-hope-top-10-facts-about-poverty-in-kazakhstan/ 'A
Miserable Existence': Farmers Feed Animals Cardboard As Kazakh Drought Bites Manas Kaiyrtayuly & Ray Furlong, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, RFE/RL Kazakh Service, 13 September 2021 www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-drought-animals-cardboard/31457939.html?ltflags=mailer [accessed 13 September 2021] Kazakh
farmers have taken to feeding their animals a sludge
made of cardboard and water amid a drought that they say is the worst in living
memory. It's estimated that thousands of animals have died, plunging farmers
into poverty in Manghystau Province in western
Kazakhstan. Some have predicted worse to come. "Winter is coming,"
said one farmer. "Hungry animals won't be able to survive the
cold." Central
Asian Heat Wave And Drought Creating Water Shortages, Crop Failures Bruce Pannier, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty RFE/RL, 24 June 24 June 2021 www.rferl.org/a/central-asian-drought-water-shortages/31324012.html?ltflags=mailer [accessed 24 June 2021] The
Drought -- For several months it has been obvious Central Asia was heading
into a period of severe drought. The
massive Toktogul Reservoir in Kyrgyzstan is a
bellwether for 2021 in Central Asia. Already
in March, officials in Kyrgyzstan were warning the level of water in the
reservoir was alarmingly low -- 8.7 billion cubic meters (bcm)
-- well below the capacity of 19.5 bcm. The
World Bank in Kazakhstan www.worldbank.org/en/country/kazakhstan/overview [accessed 22 April 2021] Economic
growth in Kazakhstan is expected to rebound to 3.2%, driven by a resumption in domestic activity, a recovery in global
demand for oil, continued fiscal support measures, and a successful national
vaccination campaign against the COVID-19 virus. Looking
back a few years … Advameg, Inc., Encyclopedia of the Nations http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Kazakhstan-ECONOMY.html [accessed 31 December
2020] The
Kazakhstan economy is extremely well-endowed with large tracts of arable land
and rich reserves of coal, oil, and rare metals. Animal herding was the
mainstay of the nomadic Kazakh population before their incorporation into the
Soviet Union; wool production remains an important agricultural product
today, along with grains and meat. Like
other countries of the former USSR, Kazakhstan faced serious economic
dislocation after 1991, resulting from the disruption of trade with other
post-Soviet republics, an end to the flow of official revenues from the
Soviet central government, the decline in state production orders, and the
need for sudden currency adjustments. Estimated GDP fell by 8.5% in 1991, 14%
in 1992, 15.3% in 1993, and 25% in 1994. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT
COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Prof. Martin
Patt, "Poverty - Kazakhstan", http://gvnet.com/poverty/Kazakhstan.htm,
[accessed <date>] |
