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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in Ethiopia in the early years of the 21st Century. Some of
these links may lead to websites that present allegations that are
unsubstantiated, misleading or even false. No attempt has been
made to validate their authenticity or to verify their content. HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking for
material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this
page and others to see which aspects of poverty are of particular interest to
you. You might be interested in
exploring the relationship between distribution of labor and per-capita GDP,
for example. Perhaps your paper could
focus on life expectancy or infant mortality.
Other factors of interest might be unemployment, literacy, access to
basic services, etc. On the other
hand, you might choose to include some of the possible outgrowths of poverty
such as Human Trafficking,
Street Children,
or even Prostitution. There is a lot to the subject of
Poverty. Scan other countries as well
as this one. Draw comparisons between
activity in adjacent countries and/or regions. Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. *** Extreme Weather *** Ethiopia
has been experiencing extreme weather conditions, including droughts and
floods. The northern regions of Tigray and Amhara have been hit by severe droughts,
causing the deaths of more than 50 people and 4,000 cattle. Ethiopia has
already endured 10 major droughts since 1980. The average annual temperature
in Ethiopia has been increasing by 0.37 degrees Celsius per decade, with the
majority of warming occurring during the second half of the 1990s. The World
Meteorological Organization (WMO) and UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
(UNDRR) have reported that climate change and increasingly extreme weather
events have caused a surge in natural disasters over the past 50 years,
disproportionately impacting poorer countries. – Microsoft BING Copilot World
Bank Climate & Develoment Reports Ethiopia Country Climate and Development Report, World Bank Group, 27 Feb 2024 [accessed 9 Dec 2024] The
Ethiopia Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) aims to support
Ethiopia’s plans to achieve its development goals within the context of a
changing climate. By quantifying the likely economic impacts of climate
change on the economy between now and 2050, the report highlights the
measures that the government of Ethiopia (GoE)
needs to prioritize to prepare for these impacts and adapt to them most
effectively, with a particular focus on actions that should be taken
throughout the remainder of this decade. Opportunities for low-carbon growth
as a co-benefit of development programs are also examined. *** ARCHIVES *** The World Factbook - Ethiopia U.S. Central Intelligence Agency CIA www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html [accessed 28
December 2020] World Factbook
website has moved to ---> www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ethiopia/ [accessed 5 January 2021] Ethiopia
has the lowest level of income-inequality in Africa and one of the lowest in
the world, with a Gini coefficient comparable to that of the Scandinavian
countries. Yet despite progress toward eliminating extreme poverty, Ethiopia
remains one of the poorest countries in the world, due both to rapid
population growth and a low starting base. Changes in rainfall associated
with world-wide weather patterns resulted in the worst drought in 30 years in
2015-16, creating food insecurity for millions of Ethiopians. GDP -
per capita (PPP): $2,200 (2017
est.) Labor
force - by occupation: agriculture:
72.7% industry:
7.4% services: 19.9% (2013 est.) Unemployment
rate: 17.5% (2012
est.) Population
below poverty line: 29.6% (2014
est.) Maternal
mortality rate: 401
deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) Infant
mortality rate: total: 35.8
deaths/1,000 live births Life
expectancy at birth: total population: 67.5 years Drinking
water source: improved: total: 68.9% of
population Physicians
density: 0.1 physicians/1,000 population (2017) Sanitation
facility access: improved: total: 14.7% of
population Electricity
access: electrification - total population: 42.9% (2016) The
Borgen Project - Ethiopia borgenproject.org/category/ethiopia/ [accessed 2 February 2021] The Borgen Project works with U.S. leaders to utilize the
United States’ platform behind efforts toward improving living conditions for
the world’s poor. It is an innovative,
national campaign that is working to make poverty a focus of U.S. foreign
policy. It believes that leaders of
the most powerful nation on earth should be doing more to address global
poverty. From ending segregation to providing women with the right to vote,
nearly every wrong ever righted in history was achieved through advocacy. The
Borgen Project addresses the big picture, operating
at the political level advancing policies and programs that improve living
conditions for those living on less than $1 per day. ~
Literacy In Ethiopia: What You Need To Know borgenproject.org/literacy-in-ethiopia/ ~
Women And Manufacturing In Ethiopia borgenproject.org/manufacturing-in-ethiopia/ ~
How Ethnic Violence In Ethiopia Deepens Poverty borgenproject.org/ethnic-violence-in-ethiopia-increasing-poverty/ ~
Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program borgenproject.org/productive-safety-net-program/ ~
The One Wash National Programme borgenproject.org/the-one-wash-national-programme/ ~
Innovations In Poverty Eradication In Ethiopia borgenproject.org/innovations-in-poverty-eradication-in-ethiopia/ Conflict, climate change, and COVID-19 drive extreme hunger Oxfam, 9 July 2021 www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/stories/conflict-climate-change-and-covid-19-drive-extreme-hunger/ [accessed 19 July 2021] The effects
of conflict, COVID-19, and climate change have intensified the global hunger
crisis. ETHIOPIA
-- Fantu Gezay,* 51, is a
farmer and single mother of six children living in Raya Azebo
woreda in the Tigray region. In addition to growing
her own crops, she earned money by renting her land to other farmers for a
living. When fighting broke out for three consecutive days in November, Fantu and her children were forced to flee into the
highlands. They hid in the mountains with no access to food or water. ‘‘The
conflict erupted when farmers were about to harvest the produce left from the
locust invasion,” she says. “However, whatever remained from the locust was
destroyed by the war.” Gezay lost her home and possessions as well as
her income. Most farmers in the region are dealing with disruptions to their
work, including the farmers who use to rent from her. Hunger Hotspots - FAO-WFP early warnings on acute food insecurity - March to July 2021 outlook Food and Agriculture Org of the UN FAO, World Food Program WFP, 2021 [accessed 30 May 2021] COUNTRIES
WITH CATASTROPHIC SITUATIONS: FAMINE-LIKE CONDITIONS OR FACTORS LEADING TO A
RISK OF FAMINE -- In Ethiopia, the conflict in Tigray is further aggravating worrisome
food security projections that estimate about 2.6 million to be facing
Emergency (IPC Phase 4) levels between January and June 2021. This results
from a combination of conflict, macro-economic challenges, weather extremes
and desert locusts. Livelihoods
for Resilience CARE care.org/our-work/food-and-nutrition/markets/livelihoodsforresilience/ [accessed 7 January
2021] Livelihoods
for Resilience (L4R) builds on the best practices and successes of its
predecessor program, GRAD, reaching 97,900 households in Ethiopia who are
part of the Productive Safety Net Program with the generous support of
USAID’s Feed the Future. L4R is strengthening the capacities of women, men,
and youth to build resilient livelihoods by empowering them with improved
agricultural and financial skills, access to loans and startup capital,
market information, and high-quality inputs (such as fertilizer, veterinarian
products, and tools). The project will also help households make
forward-looking and informed decisions about their livelihoods, adapt to
changes and opportunities, and effectively manage risk. Targeted communities
are also strengthened through the establishment of Village Economic and
Social Associations (VESAs), and trainings in financial literacy, gender
equity, nutrition, and climate-change resilience strategies. Livelihoods for
Resilience also helps households enroll in the government’s Productive Safety
Net Program (PSNP) to access microfinance, improve on- and off-farm
productivity, and improve links to markets. The program promotes women’s
empowerment, improved nutritional practices, and climate change adaptation
strategies. CARE leads the L4R consortium that includes REST, ORDA, CRS/MCS, Agri Service Ethiopia, and SNV. The project is
implemented in 16 districts in Tigray, Amhara, Oromia, and SNNPR. Action
Against Hunger - Ethiopia www.actionagainsthunger.org/countries/africa/ethiopia [accessed 21 March 2021] Though
Ethiopia’s economy has grown quickly in recent years, many of the country’s
most vulnerable citizens have not experienced the benefits of this financial upturn
and remain dependent on international aid. Owing to instability in bordering
countries, particularly South Sudan, Ethiopia remains one of Africa’s leading
host country for refugees. Ethiopia
experienced positive socio-political developments in 2019. At the same time,
protracted and acute crises continued to disrupt the lives of a significant
and growing number of people, causing widespread food and nutrition
insecurity and forced displacement. Natural disasters, epidemics and
livestock diseases further drove increased humanitarian needs. In
2019, Ethiopia hosted 2.6 million internally displaced people and nearly
700,000 refugees. 39% of people had access to improved water sources and just
7% to safe sanitation. 8.5 million people faced
severe acute food insecurity and, among children under five, 37% were
chronically malnourished and 7% were acutely malnourished. The World Bank in Ethiopia www.worldbank.org/en/country/ethiopia/overview [accessed 18 April
2021] The
World Bank is helping to fight poverty and improve living standards in
Ethiopia. Goals include promoting rapid economic growth and improving service
delivery. Looking back a few years … Advameg, Inc., Encyclopedia of the Nations www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Ethiopia-ECONOMY.html [accessed 28 December 2020] To
break the cycle of famine, the government has promoted extension services and
fertilizers in the hope that farmers could realize their potential and
poverty would be reduced. After the border war with Eritrea ended in 2000,
however, bumper crops were offset by farmers' inability to find markets for
their goods. The progress in the country's economic fortunes that began in
the 1990s was largely quashed by the 1998–2000 war and a sharp decline in
international coffee prices. Nonetheless, new building projects were due to
begin in the early 2000s; dams, a new airport building, and a $15 million
sugar-processing factory numbered among them. Reforms are needed in the
financial sector, telecommunications, land ownership, and a cumbersome
bureaucracy. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT
COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Prof. Martin
Patt, "Poverty - Ethiopia", http://gvnet.com/poverty/Ethiopia.htm,
[accessed <date>] |
