C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Ethiopia.htm
|
|||||||||||
|
CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking for
material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this
page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and how
some succeed in leaving. Perhaps your
paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their leaving. Other factors of interest might be poverty,
rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction, hunger, neglect,
etc. On the other hand, you might
choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who control this
activity. There is a lot to the
subject of Child Prostitution. Scan
other countries as well as this one.
Draw comparisons between activity in adjacent countries and/or
regions. Meanwhile, check out some of
the Term-Paper
resources that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Child Prostitution
- in Nasir Al-Amin,
October 01, 2006 ovcs.blogspot.com/2006/10/child-prostitution-in-addis-ababa.html [accessed 12 May
2011] KEY FINDINGS OF THE
STUDY
- This study has identified types of child prostitution: working on the
streets; working in small bars; working in local arki
or alcohol houses; working in rented houses/beds and; working in rent places
for chat/drugs use. Each location exposes the children to different risks and
hazards. In terms of
background, all the interviewed children
engaged in prostitution were girls, aged between 13 to 18 years. ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Country
Monitoring Report [PDF] Renata Coccaro, ECPAT International, 2007 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Global_Monitoring_Report-ETHIOPIA.pdf [accessed 26 August
2020] Desk review of
existing information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in
Ethiopia. The report looks at protection mechanisms, responses, preventive
measures, child and youth participation in fighting SEC, and makes
recommendations for action against SEC. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/ethiopia/ [accessed 27 August
2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - The minimum legal age for consensual sex is 18, but
authorities did not enforce this law. The law provides for three to 15 years’
imprisonment for conviction of sexual intercourse with a minor. The law
provides for one year in prison and a fine of 10,000 birr ($346) for
conviction of trafficking in indecent material displaying sexual intercourse
by minors. Traffickers recruited girls as young as 11 to work in brothels.
Young girls were trafficked from rural to urban areas and exploited as
prostitutes in hotels, bars, resort towns, and rural truck stops. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/ethiopia.htm [accessed 4 February
2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - According to reports, the commercial sexual
exploitation of children is increasing in Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC)[DOC] UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 1 November 2006 www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/898586b1dc7b4043c1256a450044f331/426c8f0ecdb895f1c125724300541453/$FILE/G0645009.doc [accessed 4 February
2011] [73] The Committee
welcomes the initiatives by the State party to combat sexual exploitation of
children, including provisions for stricter penalties in the revised Criminal
Code and the establishment of a national plan of action against sexual
exploitation of children. Nevertheless,
the Committee is concerned that a high number, especially girls, are victims
of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse, and that the majority of cases
remain in impunity. Furthermore, the
Committee is deeply concerned at the lack of information in the State party
report on the extent of the problem and the number of children affected. Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 26 January 2001 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/ethiopia2001.html [accessed 4 February
2011] [72] The Committee
is deeply concerned at reports of sexual exploitation, prostitution, rape and
other sexual abuse of children. Child Prostitution
in www.childexploitation.org/prostitution3.html [Last access date
unavailable] "I've been
working on the street for 3 years because I had a conflict with my parents. My
stepfather used to get drunk and beat us. Also, he used to favour my sister who is his real daughter. I met some
girls on the street and I began to get close with them. I became friends with
them, and we're still friends. Two of the older girls used to work and give
us the money to live. All I used to think about was my family, but these
people were good to me so I followed them. I was really hurt by my family
experience and these people were nice to me. UN Integrated
Regional Information Networks IRIN www.irinnews.org/report/44932/ethiopia-child-prostitution-on-the-rise-report-says [accessed 12 March
2015] www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/44932/ethiopia-child-prostitution-rise-report-says [accessed 1 April
2020] The children often
blamed lack of work, family deaths, poor education or unwanted pregnancy for
driving them towards prostitution.
Many of the child prostitutes had been victims of serious sexual and
physical abuse. Almost half the children said they had been raped prior to
ending up on the streets and a third had fallen pregnant – with some
resorting to back street abortions.
“The abortions were performed mainly by traditional medicine and in
the street illegally,” said the report. “The dangers of this are numerous and
include death.” The reversal of a
boy's HIV status is the road to new life. He's one of lucky ones Jonathan Clayton in
Addis Ababa, The Times, May 19, 2006 www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/article1970072.ece [accessed 7
September 2014] There are estimated
to be 50,000 street children in the centre of Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Report
by Special Rapporteur [DOC] UN Economic and
Social Council Commission on Human Rights, Fifty-ninth session, 6 January
2003 www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/217511d4440fc9d6c1256cda003c3a00/$FILE/G0310090.doc [accessed 12 May
2011] [41] Criminal
liability is incurred by a person selling or trafficking children under the
Penal Code, and the right of children not to be subjected to exploitative
practices is enshrined in the Constitution. Child pornography is addressed
through the criminalization of a number of offences, excluding possession,
relating to writings, images, posters or films which are obscene or grossly
indecent. Children under the age of 9 incur no criminal
responsibility. Criminal liability may be incurred by a young
person between the ages of 9 and 15 if they use others for the purpose of
prostitution, or if they use child pornography against others for the purpose
of gain. If such an offence is committed, the court follows a
special procedure for juvenile delinquents. Children over 15 are
tried under the ordinary provisions of the Penal Code for
adults. Sanctions for those between the ages of 9 and 15 include
measures to ensure the best possible treatment of a young person and may
include supervised education, reprimand, school or home arrest, or admission
to a corrective institution. Efforts are being made to give
on-the-job training in dealing with juvenile offenders to most judges and
prosecutors. Education
Key to Fighting Child Trafficking, says UNICEF UN Integrated
Regional Information Networks IRIN, www.irinnews.org/report/44305/ethiopia-education-key-to-fighting-child-trafficking-says-unicef [accessed 12 March
2015] www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2003/06/13/education-key-fighting-child-trafficking-says-unicef [accessed 1 April
2020] Ljungqvist said that many
children drop out of school and are forced into dangerous work or
prostitution simply because they have no alternatives. The UN says that child
labor is a result of a massive demand for cheap and malleable labor. Often
work involves domestic duties, or it can be prostitution. The ILO, UNICEF and
International Organization for Migration (IOM) aim to combat the danger of
children being exploited through promoting education and ensuring better law
enforcement. Child
prostitutes brought to SA Mandy Rossouw, Beeld, www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Child-prostitutes-brought-to-SA-20030219 [accessed 12 May
2011] Child prostitution
is flourishing in ECPAT: Child
Protection Units in ECPAT International,
"Child Protection Units in At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 12 May
2011] In 1997, a pilot
project was started in four police stations around the capital: Ethiopian
NGO Fights Child Prostitution Ghion Hagos,
Panafrican News Agency PANA, www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/33/077.html [accessed 12 May
2011] Child prostitution
and sexual exploitation in Combating Child
Prostitution: The Learning Point for Child Rights Organizations Eshetu Alemu(
ANPPCAN-U Chapter), Oct 31 2002 www.fk-world.com/en/Blog/My-Blog/?userId=12&entryId=13195 [accessed 12 May
2011] Even though almost
all countries of the world have ratified the Convention on the Rights of the
Child, putting into action of the provisions enshrined in the Convention has
remained a wide loophole. ANPPCAN- Ethiopia
Chapter is running a project focusing on the Rehabilitation and Prevention of
child prostitution in one of the districts in the capital- Addis Ababa. The
specific activities include; community out-reach awareness and sensitization,
family-based counseling to improve family tie, support for the beneficiary
children for skills training, schooling, basic needs and start-up fund as it
applies. Analysis Of The
Situation of Sexual Exploitation of Children in the Eastern and Southern Draft Consultancy
Report Prepared as a component of the UNICEF – ESARO & ANPPCAN Partnership Project on Sexual
Exploitation and Children’s Rights, October, 2001, www.unicef.org/events/yokohama/csec-east-southern-africa-draft.html [accessed 17 June
2011] 6.1
ETHIOPIA
- Commitment: Among the countries that committed themselves to the development
of national plan of action on CSEC by end of the year 2000. ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** ECPAT Global
Monitoring Report on the status of action against commercial exploitation of
children - ETHIOPIA [PDF] ECPAT 2007 www.ecpat.net/A4A_2005/PDF/AF/Global_Monitoring_Report-ETHIOPIA.pdf [accessed 12 May
2011] Child prostitution
is growing in both urban and rural areas of Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61569.htm [accessed 8 February
2020] CHILDREN - According to
international NGOs, child prostitution was a growing problem, particularly in
urban areas. According to an NGO report, 60 percent of persons exploited in
prostitution were between the ages of 16 and 25. Underage girls worked as
hotel workers, barmaids, and prostitutes in resort towns and rural truck
stops. Pervasive poverty, migration to urban centers, early marriage,
HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, and limited educational and job
opportunities aggravated the sexual exploitation of children. TRAFFICKING IN
PERSONS
- NGOs reported that houses of prostitution recruited impoverished girls as
young as age 11 and kept them uninformed of the risks of HIV/AIDS infection
and other sexually transmitted diseases. A 2003 Family Health International
Report indicated that customers particularly sought younger girls because
customers believed they were free of sexually transmitted diseases. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt,
Prof. Martin, "Child Prostitution - |
