Human Trafficking in [Cambodia Street Children in [Cambodia] [other countries]Child Prostitution in [Cambodia] [other countries] |
Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery In the first ten years of the 21st
Century - 2000 to 2009
Cambodia is a source, transit, and destination country for
men, women, and children trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual
exploitation and forced labor. Women and girls are trafficked to Thailand and
Malaysia for exploitative labor as domestic workers and forced prostitution.
Some Cambodian men migrate willingly to Thailand and Malaysia for work and
are subsequently subjected to conditions of forced labor in the fishing,
construction, and agricultural industries. Parents sometimes sell their children into involuntary
servitude to serve as beggars, into brothels for commercial sexual
exploitation, or into domestic servitude. Within Cambodia, children are
trafficked for forced begging, waste scavenging, salt production, brick
making, and quarrying. - U.S.
State Dept Trafficking in Persons Report, June, 2009 [full country report] |
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CAUTION: The following links have been
culled from the web to illuminate the situation in ***
FEATURED ARTICLES *** Child
trafficking takes new forms in Southeast Asia When he was 12, his parents in
rural Cambodia sold him to a trafficker who forced him to beg on the streets
of Bangkok, Thailand, and the resort town Pattaya. He
lived with seven other children in one room. All were Cambodian. Some were as
young as six. "The trafficker told my
parents he would send them $55 a month," the boy says. "But I would
earn $18 or $25 every day or night I begged." Over the next three years, the boy
escaped twice and made his way home. But the trafficker found him,
repurchased him, and took him back to Thailand. The second time, his parents
sold his younger brother as well. Slavery
Continues in the Form of Forced Prostitution Psychiatrist Wendy Freed authored a report for
Physicians for Human Rights. Her report on the psychological aspects of women
trapped in sexual slavery in Cambodia presented this frightening pattern
faced by thousands of girls and women: "The young women have been in
captivity for a period of weeks to months or years. Initially there is shock
and disbelief. Many young women describe not being able to believe that they
had been sold .... Once they realize that in fact they are sold, they fight
the brothel owner's demand that they accept customers. Refusal leads to
beatings, being locked in a room, and going without food. This persists until
the young woman gives up and realizes that indeed they are trapped and have no
options .... At some point in this process, the young woman becomes
submissive in order to avoid further beatings and torment; her 'spirit is
broken.' She surrenders, becomes resigned and accommodates to the
circumstances of captivity." ***
ARCHIVES *** U.S.
Dept of Labor Bureau of International Labor Affairs INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Bur of Democracy,
Human Rights & Labor - Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2005 TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS – Children
were trafficked to Trafficking victims, especially
those trafficked for sexual exploitation, faced the risk of contracting
sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. In some cases victims were
detained and physically and mentally abused by traffickers, brothel owners,
and clients. Traffickers used a variety of
methods to acquire victims. In many cases victims were lured by promises of
legitimate employment. In other cases acquaintances, friends, and family
members sold the victims or received payment for helping deceive them. Young
children, the majority of them girls, were often "pledged" as
collateral for loans by desperately poor parents; the children were
responsible for repaying the loan and the accumulating interest. Local
traffickers covered specific small geographic areas and acted as middlemen
for larger trafficking networks. Organized crime groups, employment agencies,
and marriage brokers were believed to have some degree of involvement Concluding Observations
of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) - 2000 [63] While welcoming the enactment
of special legislation to combat sexual exploitation and the adoption of a
five-year Plan of Action against Sexual Exploitation of Children (2000-2004)
and other related measures in this area, the Committee expresses its concern
at the widespread phenomena of child prostitution and the sale and
trafficking of children; the inadequate enforcement of the new legislation on
these issues; and the shortage of trained people and institutions to provide
rehabilitation to the victims. actioncenter.polarisproject.org/the-frontlines/survivor-testimonies/38-testimonies/57-testimony-of-bopha
Bopha lived in a rural village and
married at 17. Her husband immediately took her to a hotel in another village
and left her. Bopha discovered the hotel was a
brothel and tried to escape, but she was forcibly detained and told she must
pay off the price the hotel owner had paid for her. Human
Trafficking On the Rise in Cambodia www.voanews.com/english/archive/2009-03/2009-03-23-voa20.cfm?CFID=288388149&CFTOKEN=30064180&jsessionid=8830f48d7367141b8a6ee5815724b2d30393
TRAFFICKING VICTIMS ARE ENSLAVED,
TORTURED -
Trafficking victims in Cambodia typically endure years of torture and
abuse. Vann Sina
was lured from her village with an invitation to a Christmas party when she
was just 13 years old. When she arrived in Phnom Penh she was locked in
an underground cellar. She says she
was beaten a lot and had to serve many clients. She says that if she
refused she was tortured with electric shocks or forced to eat hot chilies.
She says that if she did not receive 15 or more clients every day she was
starved and beaten. - htcp Human
trafficking: The faces and sorrow at the heart of a UN report www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29907&Cr=&Cr1= Sokha was 14 when she was trafficked
across the border from Cambodia into Thailand to sell fruit – and was then
forced into prostitution when her “boss” found the fruit trade not
sufficiently lucrative. Sokha was eventually saved by an
organization in Thailand that rescues girls from prostitution. Now she hopes
to set up her own sewing business and employ other girls trafficked as she
was. If This
Isn’t Slavery, What Is? www.nytimes.com/2009/01/04/opinion/04kristof.html?_r=1
Pross was 13 and hadn’t even had her
first period when a young woman kidnapped her and sold her to a brothel in
Phnom Penh. The brothel owner, a woman as is typical, beat Pross and tortured her with electric current until
finally the girl acquiesced. She was
kept locked deep inside the brothel, her hands tied behind her back at all
times except when with customers.
Brothel owners can charge large sums for sex with a virgin, and like
many girls, Pross was painfully stitched up so she
could be resold as a virgin. In all, the brothel owner sold her virginity
four times. Pross
paid savagely each time she let a potential customer slip away after looking
her over. “I was beaten every day,
sometimes two or three times a day,” she said, adding that she was sometimes
also subjected to electric shocks twice in the same day. - htcp Sex
workers want legislation changed Sex workers have delivered a
letter to the Cambodian embassy in Canberra calling for changes to
anti-trafficking and sex work laws. The new laws had simply moved sex
work underground, in an unsafe, unregulated environment, alliance president
Elena Jeffreys told AAP. "Hundreds of sex workers have also
been arrested, detained, and have faced violence and sexual assault in
detention. "Sex workers who are
HIV positive have been unable to access their medication, which is placing
their lives at risk." The
Cambodian government overlooked the distinction between sex work and
trafficking, Ms Jeffreys said. Cambodia
Tackles Human Trafficking Cambodia is regularly referred to
as the human-trafficking hub of Southeast Asia, but it's hard to know by
which measure. Anywhere from thousands to hundreds of thousands of men, women
and children are trafficked there annually. Without reliable data on these
crimes, it's hard to combat this clandestine trade or to prioritize needs and
services for its victims. Not all
bliss for take-away Cambodian brides The mechanics of the trade are
still murky. What is known is that women from mostly rural areas are brought
by brokers into the capital city of Phnom Penh and put on display for
prospective foreign grooms. The brokers are usually either informal operators
or connected to one of several matchmaking businesses, which until now
operated freely in Cambodia. Because the business apparently
lacks a coercive element - women are allowed to turn down a marriage offer -
it is not technically considered human trafficking. The business side of the
trade, however, is certainly exploitative. Potential grooms pay as much as
US$20,000 to brokers for their services, while the bride's family is given
$1,000 as well as money to cover the costs of the wedding. The broker and
agency divvy up the rest of the spoils. Putting the
red light on human trafficking "Neary
grew up in rural Cambodia. Her parents died when she was a child, and in an
effort to give her a better life, her sister married her off when she was 17.
Three months later, they went to visit a fishing village. Her husband rented
a room in what Neary thought was a guest house. But
when she woke the next morning, her husband was gone. "The owner of the house told
her she had been sold by her husband for $300 and that she was actually in a
brothel. For five years, Neary was raped by five to
seven men every day. In addition to brutal physical abuse, Neary was infected with HIV and contracted AIDS. "The brothel threw her out when she
became sick, and she eventually found her way to a local shelter. She died of
HIV/AIDS at the age of 23." Human
trafficking helps spread HIV/AIDS in Asia: UN "Trafficking ... contributes
to the spread of HIV by significantly increasing the vulnerability of
trafficked persons to infection," said Caitlin Wiesen-Antin,
HIV/AIDS regional coordinator, Asia and Pacific, for the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP). "Both human trafficking and HIV
greatly threaten human development and security." Major human trafficking routes run
between Nepal and India and between Thailand and neighbors like Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar. Many of the
victims are young teenage girls who end up in prostitution. "The link between human trafficking
and HIV/AIDS has only been identified fairly recently," Wiesen-Antin told the International Congress on AIDS in
Asia and the Pacific. Eat To Live: Feeding Pol Pot's children On the manicured lawn between the
Royal Palace in Phnom Penh and the Tonle Sap River,
a young couple sitting under a banyan tree offered me their 14-month-old son
in exchange for my wrist watch. Gustav Auer of Friends restaurant
is not surprised. He and others involved in non-governmental organizations
locally are waiting to see whether the adoption efforts of Madonna and
Angelina Jolie -- who visited Friends when she was
in Cambodia recently -- have a positive or an adverse effect. There is no such thing, says Auer, as a
legal adoption policy in Cambodia. It's all about the money. You pay enough,
you get the papers. "In my nine years here, I know of only one legal
adoption where there was no financial compensation." U.S. presses Cambodia police chief on trafficking www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2431986320070424 www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2007/04/24/us_presses_cambodia_police_chief_on_trafficking/ Lundy, who was in Washington
chiefly for counter-terrorism talks with the FBI, was refused a U.S. visa in
2005 because of "what was believed to be credible evidence of complicity
in human trafficking," former senior State Department official John
Miller told Reuters last week. Asked
whether Lundy was asked to address accusations against him during his talks
with senior officials, a State Department spokesman declined to provide further
details about the meeting. Lundy previously
has rejected charges of human trafficking, but Miller said the police chief
is suspected of playing a role in freeing eight traffickers hours after they
were seized in a raid in Cambodia. Cambodia
launches 1st national task force against human trafficking According to official reports,
over 180,000 migration laborers toiled irregularly in Thailand, while
hundreds or even thousands of Cambodians are exploited to work as sex slaves
in Malaysia, Japan, China's Taiwan and Hong Kong, Qatar, Somali, and
Saudi Arabia. More co-operation needed in war on human trafficking vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/showarticle.php?num=03SOC040706 Reviewing the human trafficking
trend in the region, While in the past women and
children have been reported as trafficked victims, Thatun
said that boys and men have also been identified as victims as well into the
sex trade, heavy labour, begging, marriage, and the
fishing industry. In Viet Nam, Thu reported that
most of the 4,530 women and children were trafficked to China and Cambodia from 1998 for the purpose of
prostitution, arranged marriages or labour
exploitation. Because of the cross-border
nature of human trafficking, Thu proposed that, under the AIPO framework,
ASEAN parliaments should establish a project on legal co-operation to fight
against human trafficking to be more successful in fighting the complex form
of crime. Microsoft Uses Grants To Help Alleviate Human Trafficking www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7003925024 At one time this article had been
archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] Microsoft Corp. has released
grants worth more than $1 million to six Asian countries to deal with human
trafficking by providing computer skills. Called the "Unlimited
Potential," the grants were distributed throughout: Cambodia, India,
Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Review of a Decade
of Research On Trafficking in Persons, Cambodia [PDF] The Review of a Decade of Research
on Trafficking in Persons, Cambodia, provides a comprehensive assessment of over 70 research
studies, highlighting what is and what is not known about human trafficking
in Cambodia. The Review analyzes past studies, identifies gaps in
information, offers suggestions for future research, and calls upon the
counter-trafficking community to work together to create a solid base of
knowledge that will inform and strengthen future efforts to counter
trafficking in Cambodia. Human Trafficking Conference Calls for Action www.voanews.com/burmese/archive/2006-05/2006-05-22-voa4.cfm?moddate=2006-05-22 voanews.com/english/archive/2006-05/2006-05-22-voa9.cfm?CFID=5961115&CFTOKEN=89037902 Ormond spoke of female victims she
met in Cambodia. "I met with
girls and women from many shelters. Girls so young it was hard to comprehend
their fate. Girls as young as five, seven and 12, who had been victims of
rape and sold into forced prostitution," she said. Vietnam, Cambodia To Crack Down On Human Trafficking [if site re-directs away from this
item, click on your browser’s Back button] Under the campaign, part of
specific activities under an agreement signed between the two governments in
October 2005 regarding cooperation in eliminating human trafficking and
helping victims, The Cambodian side will define key
areas, suspects and rings engaged in trafficking Vietnamese women and
children. Mekong
region govts to co-op against human trafficking Since the signing of the historic
COMMIT Memorandum of Understanding in Yangon, Myanmar in October 2004, by
Ministers of the six countries, the Governments have been active in laying
the foundation for a network of cooperation to stop traffickers and prosecute
them, protect victims of trafficking and assist them return safely home, and
launch efforts to prevent others from sharing the same fate. Khmer girls'
trafficking ordeal LOOKING FOR CASH - She and her cousin were 16
years old when they decided, against their family's wishes, to travel to
Bangkok. The New Year was approaching, and they wanted some extra cash for
the festive season. A neighbour had told them they could make good money
washing dishes in a restaurant in the Thai capital. "At first I refused to have sex with men. Then I was beaten so badly I had to hide my face for a month, until it healed. Then I was told again I would have to sleep with the customers. I knew if I refused I would be beaten again. I had no choice but to agree." Cambodian
police raid hotel, rescue three girls from sex trade Police arrested two women - a
broker and a pimp during the raid. One
of the victims was 16 years old and was allegedly sold for US$1,000 by her
mother, who needed the money to survive.
The alleged broker had the girl's family registration card and
intended to show it to pimp and buyer to prove the girl is truly 16 years
old. Rebuilding
Cambodia: one woman at a time Thyda looks like any other young girl –
only she’s lived through trauma most of us could never imagine. At the age of
12 she was told that she needed to make money in order to buy medicine for
her sick grandfather. Because she was considered to be very beautiful, her mother
sold her to a friend for $300. This woman then sold her to a high-ranking
Cambodian official for $800. She stayed with him for three hours on that
first night. Thyda was moved all over the country,
being resold over and over again. Cambodian police rescue 88 sex workers www.abc.net.au/ra/news/stories/s1400780.htm At one time this article had been
archived and may possibly still be accessible [here]
Police in Comments
about Cambodia’s Tier 3 status in Trafficking in Persons Report H. E.
PRUM SOKHA, SECRETARY OF STATE, MINISTRY OF INTERIOR, The parents' horrifying decision
to sell their one-month old is one that many couples in Cambodian Women
'Not Abducted' The Cambodian government has
issued a report into the alleged kidnapping of dozens of sex workers from a
safe house in the capital Police
Rescue Sex Slaves In Cambodia Cambodian police rescued 18
Vietnamese women, aged between 18 and 23, allegedly forced to be sex workers
in a massage parlor. "Every
evening they were forced to have sex with guests, and each woman had to pay half
of the money she charged a guest to the owners," Sun Bunthong
said. "They were not allowed to
go out the house. One 18-year-old
woman who had violated the order was stabbed with a knife twice in her back. Asia
Sex Traffic Case UN Hails Stunning Success The prosecution rested on the
testimony of eight Cambodian women, who left their home village believing
they would be offered work as noodle and clothes sellers in Decisive
sentence handed down in Cambodian sex trafficking cases [PDF] A
brothel keeper and a pimp were found guilty of exploiting three teenage girls
who were regularly drugged and beaten at the brothel and forced to have sex.
The girls were sold to the brothel keeper who forced them to work off the
amount for which they were purchased.
Each time they were drugged, the cost of the drugs would also be added
to their debt. The traffickers who were supposed to get her and four
female friends jobs as dishwashers smuggled them instead to Cambodia, Where
Sex Traffickers Are King Police report describes the Chai Hour II as a case "of confinement of human beings for commercial sex" and adds that it is also "a place for trafficking/sale of virgin girls." "Terrify
No More" by Gary A. Haugen This non-fiction narrative revolves around IJM's efforts to dismantle the notorious sex trade in the
Cambodian Sex
Trafficking Growing In S.E.Asia Girls from the villages of The
Modern Scourge of Sex Slavery [photo
caption] Cambodian
policeman escorts 11-year-old Vietnamese girl from brothel in Toul Kork red-light district of
Phnom Penh: Six girls from 11-13 years of age were rescued from brothel that
offered only young children. Trafficked from Vietnam, children were rescued
during sting operation involving Cambodian Interpol and local police, led by
End Child Prostitution, Pornography and Trafficking (ECPAT) The Protection Project - Cambodia [DOC] FORMS OF TRAFFICKING - It has been estimated that at
least 200,000 to 225,000 women and children are trafficked from Southeast
Asia annually. Most of the trafficking destinations are within the region (60
percent are major cities of the region; 40 percent are outside the
region). Most trafficking into,
within, and from Cambodia occurs for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Within Cambodia, children are
trafficked for work in garment factories in Phnom Penh and Sihanoukville, for begging in Svay
Rieng along the border with Vietnam, or for
construction work, domestic work, or work as porters. Vietnamese girls are trafficked to
Cambodia, where they are supposedly prized for their fairer skin. In fact, aid workers say that most women
working in Cambodia’s sex industry are Vietnamese. Trafficking gangs lure Vietnamese women
with promises of jobs as waitresses or hostesses. For example, a trafficking
gang broken up in January 2003 in southern Vietnam was accused of trafficking
18 Vietnamese women to Cambodia for forced prostitution between June 2002 and
January 2003. The women had been promised legitimate jobs. Freedom
House Country Report - Political Rights: 6 Civil Liberties: 5 Status: Not Free Human Rights Overview by Human
Rights Watch – Defending Human Rights Worldwide U.S. Library of Congress - Country Study [3] Leaving the Brothel
Behind A year ago, a pimp handed me a
quivering teenage girl. Her name was Srey Neth, and she was one of the hundreds of thousands of
teenagers who are enslaved by the sex trafficking industry worldwide. Then I did something dreadfully unjournalistic: I bought her. I purchased Srey
Neth for $150 and another teenager, Srey Mom, for $203, receiving receipts from the brothel
owners. As readers may remember, I then freed the girls and took them back to
their villages. Now I've come back to
find out how they coped with freedom. Finally, Srey
Mom said goodbye to ''Mother,'' the owner who had enslaved her, cheated her
and perhaps even helped infect her with the AIDS virus -- yet who had also
been kind to her when she was homesick, and who had never forced her to have
sex when she was ill. It was a farewell of infinite complexity, yet real
tenderness. So now I have purchased the
freedom of two human beings so I can return them to their villages. But will
emancipation help them? Will their families and villages accept them? Or will
they, like some other girls rescued from sexual servitude, find freedom so
unsettling that they slink back to slavery in the brothels? We'll see. [1] Girls
For Sale Srey Neth claimed
to be 18 but looked several years younger. She insisted at first (through my
Khmer interpreter) that she was free and not controlled by the guesthouse.
But soon she told her real story: a female cousin had arranged her sale and
taken her to the guesthouse. Now she was sharing a room with three other
prostitutes, and they were all pimped to guests. ''I can walk around in Poipet, but only with a close relative of the owner,''
she said. ''They keep me under close watch.They do
not let me go out alone. They're afraid I would run away.'' Why not try to escape at night? ''They would get me back, and something bad
would happen. Maybe a beating. I heard that when a group of girls tried to
escape, they locked them in the rooms and beat them up.'' U.S. raps
Cambodia over sex trade Under Un's
direction, the Cambodian police rescued 84 women and young girls from a
brothel last week. But the next day, gunmen kidnapped them and seven others
from the shelter where they were taken after their rescue. Hitting
Slavery Where It Hurts "Nothing compares to the
deadness in the eyes of a kid in a brothel," Haugen, 40, says. "In
Rwanda, the dead were already gone. In the brothels of Cambodia, they are the
living dead." They mapped a systematic, and
highly profitable, trade in innocents. Kids from remote rural areas are
promised work or treats in distant cities by slave dealers, who sell them to
brothels for up to $1,000. Sex with these kids costs $30 compared with $5 for
an adult prostitute in Cambodia.
"Our investigators came into Svay Pak,
and within ten minutes pimps came up saying 'Do you want small-small? I can
get small-small,'" says Sharon Cohn, the head of IJM's
antitrafficking unit. "It was
unbelievable--kids as young as 5." Dateline goes undercover with a
human rights group to expose sex trafficking in Hagar, an NGO, Helps Human Trafficking Victims in Cambodia Tami believes the dramatic rise in
abductions and coerced sex slavery in Cambodia can be traced to regional
efforts to curb prostitution. Trafficking basically grew out of the pressure
in neighboring Thailand to change Bangkok's image as a "sex capital,"
he said. "From Bangkok, organized crime had to find another fertile
place to operate." "Cambodia was just coming out
of 30 years of war, with weak legislation and rampant corruption, so
organized crime thrived," Tami continued. "Poverty and lack of
education, particularly among the countryside, also contributed to the
phenomenon." Cambodia is among the poorest and least developed countries
of the world, according to the World Bank. Slavery
Continues in the Form of Forced Prostitution Psychiatrist Wendy Freed authored a report for
Physicians for Human Rights. Her report on the psychological aspects of women
trapped in sexual slavery in Cambodia presented this frightening pattern
faced by thousands of girls and women: "The young women have been in
captivity for a period of weeks to months or years. Initially there is shock
and disbelief. Many young women describe not being able to believe that they
had been sold .... Once they realize that in fact they are sold, they fight
the brothel owner's demand that they accept customers. Refusal leads to
beatings, being locked in a room, and going without food. This persists until
the young woman gives up and realizes that indeed they are trapped and have
no options .... At some point in this process, the young woman becomes
submissive in order to avoid further beatings and torment; her 'spirit is
broken.' She surrenders, becomes resigned and accommodates to the
circumstances of captivity." Cambodia: Young Trafficking Victims Treated as Criminals www.tigweb.org/express/panorama/article.html?ContentID=513 www.humantrafficking.org/publications/532 "These arrests violate every principle
regarding the appropriate treatment of apparent trafficking victims,"
said Colm. "They should be provided with
medical and legal services, counseling, secure shelter, and given the
opportunity to cooperate in the investigation into the traffickers. It is
imperative that these girls get the services they need and deserve." The investigating judge on the
case told reporters that initial findings revealed that the girls were
trafficking victims, but that when the court learned the girls had entered Cambodia
without legal documentation, they were no longer considered victims, but
violators of Cambodian law for illegal entry into the country. Measuring the Number of Trafficked Women and Children in slate.msn.com/Features/pdf/Trfciiif.pdf At one time this article had been
archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [page 25]
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS - Across Child
trafficking takes new forms in Southeast Asia When he was 12, his parents in
rural Cambodia sold him to a trafficker who forced him to beg on the streets
of Bangkok, Thailand, and the resort town Pattaya.
He lived with seven other children in one room. All were Cambodian. Some were
as young as six. "The trafficker told my
parents he would send them $55 a month," the boy says. "But I would
earn $18 or $25 every day or night I begged." Over the next three years, the boy
escaped twice and made his way home. But the trafficker found him,
repurchased him, and took him back to Thailand. The second time, his parents
sold his younger brother as well. Feature 3: www.usemb.se/children/csec/feature3.html At one time this article had been
archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] ARIS STORY - My family is poor and so my
mother pledged me for $500 to help feed my eight brothers and sisters. I am
the most beautiful, Ari says with pride. Most of
the money she makes goes directly into the pocket of a brothel owner, leaving
little to pay off the debt she now shoulders. How Ari
came into prostitution is a familiar story to the local organisations
researching child sexual exploitation. According to NGOs, the majority of
child sex workers are abducted by middlemen (or women), sold or pledged by
parents, relatives, neighbours or boyfriends, or
deceived with the promise of jobs or marriages. Often children are hired out
or sold by their families to agents who may or may not reveal the true nature
of the work. All material used herein
reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107 for noncommercial,
nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE
RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT ARTICLES.
Cite this webpage as: Patt, Prof. Martin,
"Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery - |
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Human Trafficking in [Cambodia Street Children in [Cambodia] [other countries]Child Prostitution in [Cambodia] [other countries]