C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Cambodia.htm
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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of
particular interest to you. You might
be interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and
how some succeed in leaving. Perhaps
your paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their
leaving. Other factors of interest
might be poverty, rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction,
hunger, neglect, etc. On the other hand,
you might choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who
control this activity. There is a lot
to the subject of Child Prostitution.
Scan other countries as well as this one. Draw comparisons between activity in
adjacent countries and/or regions.
Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. HELP for Victims SISHA (NGO, 24hr operation) ***
FEATURED ARTICLES *** Good News, Bad News Adapted from The mswallow.typepad.com/the_swallows_nest/2008/02/good-news-bad-n.html [accessed 14 April
2011] But, now the bad
news. The South China Morning Post had a horrific story today entitled
"Endless Nightmare," which tells of child prostitution in the
poverty stricken corners of Cambodia. The story is the kind that makes
you want to sell everything you have, take the money, and move there to do
something about stopping the unspeakable violence against innocent children
as young as four, five, and six. Right in Phnom Penh and surrounding
areas paedophiles are ravaging the bodies, minds,
and spirits of these precious children. Many of these criminals are
foreigners, some are Cambodians themselves. The article tells of four,
middle aged Frenchmen scouting the area. A local, 12 year-old tells the
author that these men, "They like girls...small girls." And
he points to a mother who will rent her daughter "for the price of a
hamburger." The SCMP continues,
"Today, with tourism increasing by 30 percent a year and many police,
judges, and politicians taking bribes, the illegal sex trade is
booming. Suffer little
Children: Legacies of War in David McNeill, Japan
Focus, 7 March 2008 khmernz.blogspot.com/2008/03/suffer-little-children-legacies-of-war.html [accessed 14 April
2011] Despite a
crackdown, widespread corruption and dire poverty mean campaigners are
fighting a losing battle against child prostitution At 12, Pov knows the sexual geography of the riverfront area in
Phnom Penh like the seasoned prostitute he has become. "They like
girls," he said, gesturing to four middle‐aged Frenchmen.
"Small girls." He also knows a sun‐blackened and
tattered woman a few metres away. She will rent her
daughter for the price of a hamburger.
As the sun sinks over the Mekong, Sisowath
Quay in Cambodia's choking capital is a slow‐moving river of
human traffic. Young couples walk arm in arm, tourists gaze at one of Asia's
most beautiful sunsets and children like Pov ply
their trade, zeroing in on what they call rich, foreign "lady‐boys",
or gay men. On Sisowath Quay, in front of the city's best restaurants, Pov and his friends eat a pizza bought by a tourist. Like
many of the street children here, he is an unsettling mix of naivety and
knowingness, his hand resting on my thigh as he pleads for the name of my
hotel. He and his friends are desperate because he knows that most of the
foreign men come for girls. When a photographer begins to take pictures, the
boys drop their sales pitch, curl up like cats on the Quay wall, and smile
shyly like children. ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Report on the
scale, scope and context of the sexual exploitation of children [PDF] Chloé Baury,
ECPAT International, 2018 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/ECPAT-Country-Overview-Cambodia.pdf [accessed 25 August
2020] Desk review of
existing information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in
Cambodia. The overview gathers existing publicly available information on
sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism (SECTT), online child
sexual exploitation (OCSE), trafficking of children for sexual purposes,
sexual exploitation of children through prostitution, child early and forced
marriage (CEFM) and identifies gaps, research needs, and recommendations. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/cambodia/ [accessed 25 August
2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - Sexual intercourse with a person younger than age 15
is illegal. The government continued to raid brothels to identify and remove
child sex-trafficking victims, although the majority of child sex trafficking
was clandestine, occurring in beer gardens, massage parlors, beauty salons,
karaoke bars, retail spaces, and noncommercial sites. Police continued to
investigate cases of child sex trafficking occurring in brothels or cases
where victims filed complaints directly, but police did not typically pursue
more complicated cases, for example, those involving online sexual
exploitation. Undercover investigation techniques were not allowed in
trafficking investigations, which impeded officials’ ability to hold child
sex traffickers accountable. The country
remained a destination for child sex tourism. The government used the law to
prosecute both sex tourists and citizens for the sexual exploitation of
children. The law provides penalties ranging from two to 20 years in prison
for commercial sexual exploitation of children. The law also prohibits the
production and possession of child pornography. Local human rights
organizations and local experts reported concern regarding the government’s
failure to impose appropriate punishments on foreign residents and tourists
who purchase or engage in sex with children. Endemic corruption at all levels
of the government severely limited the ability of officials to hold child sex
traffickers accountable, and the government took no action to investigate or
prosecute complicit officials. 2018 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2019 www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 22 August
2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 293] Children in Cambodia
engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in
brickmaking, as well as in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a
result of human trafficking. (1-3) A worrying trend is
the emergence of online sexual exploitation of children (OSEC) within
Cambodia. (11) An NGO-funded survey indicated that, although in nascent
stages, the issue of OSEC in Cambodia is increasing. (11) Laws do not
sufficiently prohibit commercial sexual exploitation of children, as the use
or offering of a child for pornographic performances is not criminally
prohibited. Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 2 June 2000 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/cambodia2000.html [accessed 26 January
2011] [63] While
welcoming the enactment of special legislation to combat sexual exploitation
and the adoption of a five-year Plan of Action against Sexual Exploitation of
Children (2000-2004) and other related measures in this area, the Committee
expresses its concern at the widespread phenomena of child prostitution and
the sale and trafficking of children; the inadequate enforcement of the new
legislation on these issues; and the shortage of trained people and
institutions to provide rehabilitation to the victims. Sex trend
surprising Brooke Lewis, Phnom
Penh Post, October 5, 2010 www.ngocrc.org/en/news/latest-news/1-latest-news/175.html [accessed 15 April
2011] The vast majority
of former child sex workers surveyed on behalf of a local NGO said their main
clients were Cambodian men. A report detailing
the findings of the study states that paedophiles
“tend to be Cambodians, rather than foreigners, contrary to the usually held
assumption that paedophilia is a Western problem
and that Cambodians are not engaged in such activities”. “Cambodian men
prefer beautiful, fair-skinned and younger-looking sex workers – basically
minors,” he said, and added that they were often willing to pay a premium for
virgins. “Especially the powerful,
the rich people, spend thousands of dollars to have sex with children,” he
said. Human Trafficking
On the Rise in Cambodia Voice of America ®, Pnom Phen, 23 March 2009 www.voanews.com/content/a-13-2009-03-23-voa20-68797892/411883.html [accessed 19 July
2013] TRAFFICKING VICTIMS
ARE ENSLAVED, TORTURED
- Trafficking victims in Cambodian Girls
Driven to Prostitution Original reporting
by Seang Sophon for Radio
Free Asia RFA’s Khmer service. Service director: Sos
Kem. Translated by Sothea
www.rfa.org/english/news/cambodia/youngcambodianprostitution-01272009122306.html [accessed 15 April
2011] The girl from Prey Veng province has worked as a prostitute in the Cambodian
capital for five months. Hard times, she said, have brought her here to earn money
for her widowed mother and three younger siblings. “I am unhappy with myself, but I pity my
mother. No girl wants to do this horrible work,” the 15-year-old, who asked
not to be named, said in an interview as she looked for business near the Suriya Supermarket.
“Sometimes, I get only one client in two or three days. Rising living costs
are forcing more Cambodian girls under 18 into prostitution in urban areas
such as Phnom Penh to support their families in the countryside. The girls, spotted easily from around 8
p.m. as they scout urban streets and parks for customers, say they lack the
education to find other work. A dangerous trade -
Several Cambodian girls who agreed to be interviewed said they engage in sex
work despite its dangers because they cannot afford to quit. “Clients take me to guesthouses. I get
U.S. $10 per night. They gang-rape me and beat me,” another girl, 17, from Svay Rieng province, said. Increasing poverty
- Lim Mony, program manager for women’s issues at
the nonprofit group ADHOC, the Cambodian Human Rights and Development
Association, said the number of girls and women involved in sex work is
increasing because of higher living costs and the lure of modern
luxuries. “Voluntary sex work by
girls on the streets is difficult to define. Many of these girls first were
lured and tricked into being sex workers by traffickers. Then, because of
that, they began voluntarily selling their bodies. Other women have been
voluntarily engaged in prostitution from the start,” she said. If This Isn’t
Slavery, What Is? Nicholas D. Kristof,
The New York Times, January 3, 2009 [accessed 26 January
2011] Pross was 13 and hadn’t
even had her first period when a young woman kidnapped her and sold her to a
brothel in Cambodia launches
tourism documents to combat human trafficking Xinhua News Agency,
August 28, 2007 english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/6249450.html [accessed 15 April
2011] The strategies require
owners of hotels, guesthouses, and other establishments to inform tourism
police or relevant officials of any suspicious activities, he said. The plan to promote policies on child-safe
tourism was designed with technical and financial support from the
International Labor Organization (ILO). Undercover in Thembi Mutch,
BBC News, 27 July 2007 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6915890.stm [accessed 15 April
2011] Reporter Thembi Mutch spent seven weeks
in TALES OF TRAFFICKING - As for the
trafficked children, their stories defy words. A 15-year-old girl in Cambodia said her
parents had sold her to a man for her virginity. The man had drugged and
raped her whilst she was unconscious.
After a week in the hotel room with this man, she was sold onto a
brothel. There, she was gang-raped by 10 men posing as clients. She escaped, by hiding in a rubbish bin,
but was then tricked into prostitution again, staying for three years.
Eventually she escaped, and knocked on the door of some strangers, who cared
for her. NGOs Work To
Eradicate Human Trafficking, Help Victims presszoom.com/story_134115.html [accessed 15 April
2011] U.S.-funded nongovernmental
organizations around the world are working to prevent human trafficking,
provide resources to victims and arrest and prosecute child-sex offenders.
From Africa to Europe to Asia, initiatives are raising worldwide awareness of
the illegal practice of human trafficking. PREVENTING HUMAN
TRAFFICKING
- In Cambodia, the ChildSafe network, created and
managed by the NGO Friends International, helps crack down on child-sex
tourism by training drivers of moto-taxis to identify and report suspicious behavior
by tourists who may intend to exploit children. The ChildSafe
project has trained 36 moto-taxi drivers and employees of 25 guesthouses to
identify and protect children who are at risk of commercial sexual
exploitation in Sihanoukville, a beach resort town. Saving Mayumi Saito, Staff
Writer, Asahi ki-media.blogspot.com/2007/04/weekend-beat-saving-cambodia-one-child.html [accessed 15 April
2011] In April 2003, Sayaka Murata, then a college junior, met two sisters,
ages 6 and 12, at a child prostitution shelter in A year later, she
went back to the same shelter only to find the sisters gone. They had been
forced back into a brothel to pay off their parents' debts. The tragic news
reaffirmed Murata's commitment to help abused girls in Cambodia. Suki Falconberg, The American Chronicle, April 15, 2011 amchron.soundenterprises.net/articles/view/23754 [accessed 12
Aug 2013] CNN journalist
Anderson Cooper and his news crew recently spent a week in Guy De Launey, BBC News, Sihanoukville,
22 October 2006 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6075048.stm [accessed 15 April
2011] The Cambodian
seaside town of A Message to George
Clooney: When ‘Peacekeeping’ Equals Rape Suki Falconberg, The American Chronicle, November 13, 2006 amchron.soundenterprises.net/articles/view/16594 [accessed 12
Aug 2013] Their report on Prostitutes Child Exploitation At one time this article
had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 13
September 2011] Cambodian activist
who rescues sex slaves is honored in U.S. The Associated Press
AP, At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 13
September 2011] Some of the girls
Mam's group rescues die of AIDS or are sold back into prostitution by their
families, but others leave the sex trade for good. Adam Piore, Contributor to The Christian Science Monitor, www.csmonitor.com/2006/0927/p06s01-woap.html [accessed 7 February
2020] Cambodian police
this year have arrested at least 12 foreigners on charges of sexually abusing
children - more than twice the amount snagged all of last year. In addition to three Americans, they've
caught four Germans, an elderly Swiss man, a Belgium national, and at least
three Vietnamese nationals who helped the foreigners procure children. Former Child
Prostitute Finds ABC News - Good
Morning abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=1826673&page=1 [accessed 16 April
2011] Deep in the
Cambodian countryside hundreds of miles from the city and years behind the
modern world the life of a 13-year-old girl seems simple. But for Sophon (not her real name) life wasn't always so sweet.
Her country, Cambodia, has the distinction of being Asia's sex trafficking
capital. Like many young girls, Sophon was sold
into prostitution by her own, desperately poor family when she was just six
years old. Trapping Andrew Harding, BBC
News, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4078304.stm [accessed 16 April
2011] After a long, tense
wait, a grinning teenaged boy opens the door and pushes in two young
girls. One says she is seven years
old. The other is nine. Rebuilding Karoline Kemp, theTravelrag, September 6, 2005 travelmag.co.uk/?p=885 [accessed 28 August
2012] Thyda looks like any
other young girl – only she’s lived through trauma most of us could never
imagine. At the age of 12 she was told that she needed to make money in order
to buy medicine for her sick grandfather. Because she was considered to be
very beautiful, her mother sold her to a friend for $300. This woman then
sold her to a high-ranking Cambodian official for $800. She stayed with him
for three hours on that first night. Thyda was
moved all over the country, being resold over and over again. The Protection
Project - The www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/cambodia.doc [accessed 2009] FORMS OF TRAFFICKING - Trafficking
victims usually come from poor, rural areas, such as Battambang,
Cham, Kandal, Kompomg,
Prey Veng, Svey Rieng, and Takeo, or from urban slums. The cities where
women and children are most commonly sexually exploited are Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Sihanoukville, and
the developing border areas of Banteay Meanchey and Battambang. Poipet, located on the border with Thailand, is a
trafficking hub. There, brothels and bars cater to Cambodian and Thai
men. As many as one-third of women
working in the commercial sex industry in Cambodia are under Trafficking victims
usually come from poor, rural areas, such as Battambang,
Cham, Kandal, Kompomg,
Prey Veng, Svey Rieng, and Takeo, or from urban slums. The cities where
women and children are most commonly sexually exploited are Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Sihanoukville, and
the developing border areas of Banteay Meanchey and Battambang. Poipet, located on the border with Thailand, is a
trafficking hub. There, brothels and bars cater to Cambodian and Thai
men. As many as one-third of women
working in the commercial sex industry in Cambodia are underage.age. Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Report
by Special Rapporteur [DOC] U.N. Economic and Social
Council, Commission on Human Rights, Fifty ninth session, 6 January 2003 www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/217511d4440fc9d6c1256cda003c3a00/$FILE/G0310090.doc [accessed 16 April
2011] [32] NGOs reported
particular problems, including bribery and corruption in the legal system,
lack of understanding of the law, court delays, lack of police cooperation,
insufficient budget for investigation of cases in the provinces, and limited
resources. An absence of laws prohibiting child prostitution and
unclear laws concerning trafficking means that there is no special protection
for the increasing number of child victims of prostitution. [34] It is
reported that some of the brothels where children work are frequented by
government officials, and until this is addressed, genuine progress to tackle
commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking of children will not be made. Khmer girls'
trafficking ordeal Kylie Morris, BBC
News, Thai-Cambodian border, 2 June, 2005 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4599709.stm [accessed 26 January
2011] "At first I
refused to have sex with men. Then I was beaten so badly I had to hide my
face for a month, until it healed. Then I was told again I would have to
sleep with the customers. I knew if I refused I would be beaten again. I had
no choice but to agree." Peter Lloyd,
Australian Broadcasting Corporation ABC Foreign Correspondent, 18/09/2002 www.abc.net.au/foreign/stories/s675196.htm [accessed 16 April
2011] Hitting Slavery
Where It Hurts Quentin Hardy,
Forbes, 01.12.04 www.forbes.com/forbes/2004/0112/076.html [accessed 18 January
2016] "Nothing
compares to the deadness in the eyes of a kid in a brothel," Haugen, 40,
says. "In Rwanda, the dead were already gone. In the brothels of
Cambodia, they are the living dead." They mapped a
systematic, and highly profitable, trade in innocents. Kids from remote rural
areas are promised work or treats in distant cities by slave dealers, who
sell them to brothels for up to $1,000. Sex with these kids costs $30
compared with $5 for an adult prostitute in Cambodia. "Our investigators came into Svay Pak, and within ten minutes pimps came up saying 'Do
you want small-small? I can get small-small,'" says Sharon Cohn, the
head of IJM's antitrafficking unit. "It was
unbelievable--kids as young as 5." Children
for NBC News, 1/9/2005 msnbc.msn.com/id/4038249/#slice-2 [accessed 26 January
2011] Dateline goes
undercover with a human rights group to expose sex trafficking in The Modern Scourge
of Sex Slavery Dr. Martin Brass,
Soldier of Fortune Magazine, www.military.com/NewContent/0,13190,SOF_0904_Slavery1,00.html [accessed 26 January
2011] [photo caption] Cambodian
policeman escorts 11-year-old Vietnamese girl from brothel in Toul Kork red-light district of
Facts about child
prostitution in Cambodia Child Rights At one time this article
had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 13
September 2011]
Bureau Report,
September 14, 2000 www.zeenews.com/news1487.html [accessed 16 April
2011] EU
Concerned about Child Prostitution in www.freewebtown.com/newsstand/archive/0062.html [accessed 16 April
2011] In a non-binding
resolution European lawmakers underlined their "preoccupation with child
prostitution in Fact Sheet:
Commercial Sexual Exploitation [PDF] United Nations
Children's Fund UNICEF, 22 July 2004 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 14 June
2011] FACTS AND FIGURES - An estimated 2
million children, the majority of them girls, are sexually exploited in the
multi-billion dollar commercial sex industry. In Cambodia, a third of those
in prostitution are children under 18 years of age. Violation of
Children’s and Women’s Rights: The Case of Trafficking and Commercial Sexual
Exploitation
[PDF] Ms. Mehr Khan, UNICEF Regional Director, www.fhs.mcmaster.ca/slru/ic2003/Khan.pdf [accessed 16 April
2011] [page 40] THE SCOPE AND
NATURE OF THE PROBLEM IN THE EAP REGION - As with trafficking, it is difficult to
estimate the number of children and women being exploited in the commercial
sex industry. The highest concentration of child sex workers is believed to
be in the Greater Mekong sub-region, which consists of Cambodia, Lao PDR,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam and the Yunnan and Guangxi provinces of China. In
some of these countries, children are reported to account for around
one-third of all sex workers. A survey in Cambodia found that 30 – 35 per
cent of sex workers were between 12-17 years of age.v
Yet the problem also exists beyond the sub-region. In Indonesia, 60 per cent
of registered prostitutes were found to be between the ages of 15 to 20 years
of age. These figures are mere indications of the extent of the problem in
the region. “Welcome to the
Rape Camp” - Sexual Exploitation and the Internet in Prof. Donna M.
Hughes, www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/rape_camp.pdf [accessed 16 April
2011] [page 5] Child prostitution
is common in Aris Story [access information
unavailable] By day the young
girls watch television soap operas, giggle and pore over the pages of fashion
magazines. But as dusk descends on Cambodias
brothels, the young girls begin to touch up their make-up and adjust their
stylish blouses and short skirts. They are preparing to entertain men, both
local and foreign, who pay for an hour or a night of sex with them. While research on
child sex workers in only beginning in Cambodia, experts and international organisations agree on one thing: the problem is growing
rapidly. More than one-third of all
sex workers in Cambodia are estimated to be children, mostly girls aged 12 to
17, or nearly 20,000 children. The demand for younger girls, especially
virgins, is accelerating in response to growing customer demand for AIDS-free
sex, coupled with the illusion that younger girls are unlikely to be
HIV-positive. ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** ECPAT Global
Monitoring Report on the status of action against commercial exploitation of
children - CAMBODIA [PDF] ECPAT 2006 www.ecpat.net/A4A_2005/PDF/EAP/Global_Monitoring_Report-CAMBODIA.pdf [accessed 15 April
2011] Social inequality,
poor access to land, limited resources for families to meet the needs of
their children, low-quality education, deficient social services and weakened
institutions - problems exacerbated by 20 years of war – have contributed to
the high vulnerability of Cambodian children to commercial sexual exploitation,
which has become a means of survival for some children and their families. Although the Draft
Education Law states that nine years’ basic education in public schools is provided
free of charge, primary level schooling is still not compulsory; and though
the enrolment rate for primary education has increased in recent years,
drop-out and repetitive rates are still high. This is due to several factors,
including indirect costs of education, limited financial resources of
families to support their children’s education, and poor quality of
education. Low levels of education have made children more vulnerable to
child labour and commercial sexual exploitation as
they are often expected to contribute to the family income. Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61604.htm [accessed 7 February
2020] CHILDREN
-
Sexual intercourse with a person under age 15 is illegal; however, child prostitution and trafficking in
children occurred. In 2000 the government adopted a five‑year plan
against child sexual exploitation that emphasized prevention through
information dissemination and protection by law enforcement. A local NGO
reported having investigated 29 cases of child sexual exploitation, which
resulted in the arrest of 5 foreign pedophiles. Three perpetrators were
charged and awaiting trial. Two pedophiles were sentenced to 15 and 10 years'
imprisonment, respectively. Child rape remained a serious issue; a local NGO
reported 65 cases of rape involving children below 10 years of age during the
year; the youngest victim was 4 years old. The illegal
purchase and sale of children for prostitution
was a problem. During the year raids on brothels rescued underage girls who
were trafficked for prostitution. SECTION
6 WORKER RIGHTS
– [d] The constitution prohibits forced or bonded child labor; however,
forced child labor was a serious problem in the commercial sex industry. Law
enforcement agencies failed to combat child prostitution in a sustained,
consistent manner. Widespread corruption, lack of transparency, inadequate
resources, and staffing shortages remained the most challenging obstacles. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/cambodia.htm [accessed 26 January
2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt,
Prof. Martin, "Child Prostitution - |
