C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Nepal.htm
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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking for
material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this
page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and how
some succeed in leaving. Perhaps your
paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their leaving. Other factors of interest might be poverty,
rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction, hunger, neglect,
etc. On the other hand, you might
choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who control this
activity. There is a lot to the
subject of Child Prostitution. Scan
other countries as well as this one.
Draw comparisons between activity in adjacent countries and/or
regions. Meanwhile, check out some of
the Term-Paper
resources that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. ***
FEATURED ARTICLES *** Prostitution of
Nepalese girls rampant in Indian brothel webindia123.com,
Kolkata, Nov 20, 2005 www.stopdemand.org/afawcs0112878/ID=146/newsdetails.html [accessed 23
February 2011] ''Young girls are
trafficked from Child Hierodulic
Servitude in Anti-Slavery Society www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com/hieroras.htm [accessed 24 June
2011] Hierodulic child
prostitution is a generic term that the Society uses to describe religiously
sanctioned child prostitution, and, specifically, those children engaged in
religious cult prostitution. However, nowadays, this original purpose
has gone and, after dedication — usually at the age of 5 to 7 years of age —
the child is often deflowered by the priest and then sold to the highest
bidder. Children remain
easy prey for exploitation, violence The Rising www.gorkhapatra.org.np/detail.php?article_id=4809&cat_id=4 [accessed 24 June
2011] Street children are
the most vulnerable lot. Sexual abuse is hidden but a widely prevalent
suffering among them. No child is safe and away from this cauldron of suffering. Approximately 99 per cent of them are
physically and psychologically abused. Child sexual abuse may include
fondling a child’s genitals, masturbation, oral-genital contact, digital
penetration, and vaginal and anal intercourse. The other ways a child can be abused with
are direct physical contact, such as sex by exposures, voyeurism and child
pornography, use of obscene language, also referred to as non-contact abuse,
shows a research conducted jointly by CPSC NGO Nepal, CPCS INT Belgium and
VOC Nepal. Males are the
predominant perpetrators of sexual abuse against street children. On average,
there are three male abusers for every two female abusers. On an average, 40
per cent of sexually abusive episodes are perpetrated by street-living children
and adults as well as 40 per cent by non-street living adults. Non street-living adults include relatives,
shop, hotel or restaurant owners and workers or any Nepali adult not living
on the street. The street is clearly the chief location for all types of
sexual abuses, accounting for one in three incidents occurring. – sccp ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT - Report on
the scale, scope and context of the sexual exploitation of children [PDF] Neha Gauchan and Subha Nivedha Shanmuga Sundaram, ECPAT International, January 2020 [accessed 25 August
2020] Desk review of
existing information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in Nepal,
South Asia. The overview gathers existing publicly available information on
sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism (SECTT), online child
sexual exploitation (OCSE), trafficking of children for sexual purposes,
sexual exploitation of children through prostitution, child early and forced
marriage (CEFM) and identifies gaps, research needs, and recommendations. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/nepal/ [accessed 6
September 2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - Commercial sexual exploitation of children remained a
serious problem, according to NGOs. There were reports of boys and girls
living on the streets and exploited in prostitution, including by tourists,
and of underage girls employed in dance bars, massage parlors, and cabin
restaurants (sometimes fronts for brothels). Enforcement was generally weak
due to limited police investigation and capacity, and police sometimes
arrested girls in commercial sexual exploitation. The minimum age for
consensual sex is 18 years. The penalties for rape vary according to the age
of the victim and the relationship. There is no
specific law against child pornography, but the law stipulates that no person
can involve or use a child for an immoral profession, and photographs cannot
be taken or distributed for the purpose of engaging a child in an immoral
profession. Additionally, photographs that tarnish the character of the child
may not be published, exhibited, or distributed. The legal framework,
however, does not explicitly prohibit the use of a child in the production of
pornography. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/nepal.htm [accessed 23
February 2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - The government has reported a range of estimates for
the number of child trafficking victims.
Some 5,000 to 12,000 girls may be trafficked for commercial sexual
exploitation annually, and as many as 200,000 trafficked Nepalese girls are
estimated to reside in Indian brothels..
Girls as young as 9 years old have been trafficked. In 2001, a local NGO recorded 265 cases of
girl trafficking victims, of which 34 percent were below 16 years of
age. While trafficking of children
often leads to their sexual exploitation, there is also demand for trafficked
boys and girls to work in the informal labor sector. A 2001, study found 30 percent of
commercial sex workers in Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 3 June 2005 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/nepal2005.html [accessed 23
February 2011] [87] While noting the
efforts taken by the State party to eliminate the phenomenon of sexual
exploitation of children, the Committee is gravely concerned by the large
number of children in the State party who are sexually exploited. The
Committee is of the view that insufficient efforts have been taken to protect
the particularly vulnerable groups of children from sexual exploitation.
Specifically, the Committee notes with concern that children of lower castes
are disproportionately represented among the sex workers, and about the
persistence of the customary practice known as badi,
whereby young girls of the Bedi caste are forced
into prostitution. [88] The Committee
is also concerned at the low rate of prosecutions for perpetrators of sexual
exploitation of children and that there is little in the way of public
campaigns to educate the population of the laws governing sexual
exploitation. Concluding
Observations of the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights International
Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, 24/09/2001 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/esc/nepal2001.html [accessed 19
September 2011] 18. The Committee
is deeply concerned at the high number of women and girls being trafficked for
prostitution. The Committee also regrets the continuation of polygamy and the
practices or dowry, Deuki and
prostitution among the Bedi caste, particularly in
rural areas. 35. The Committee
is deeply concerned that the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the State party is
spreading at an alarming rate due to commercial sex and trafficking of women
and children, and sex tourism. Rescuing girls from
sex slavery Ebonne Ruffins,
Cable News Network CNN, www.cnn.com/2010/LIVING/04/29/cnnheroes.koirala.nepal/ [accessed 23
February 2011] The daughter of
Nepalese peasant farmers, Geeta -- now 26 -- had
been sold to a brothel in Human trafficking
from Mohan Budhair, Kathmandu Post, Paliya
www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/news_archive/sep_06_sanepal.pdf [accessed 23
February 2011] [page 22] Trafficking of
Nepalese women and children into A large number of
women and children are being trafficked into India from checkpoints west of Butwal, representatives of several Indian and Nepalese
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and security officials stated during an
interaction on 'controlling cross-border human trafficking'. Five Years After
Stockholm [PDF] ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Report On Laws And
Legal Procedures Concerning The Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of Children In
ECPAT International
in collaboration with Sapana Pradhan-Malla, President, Forum for Women, Law and Development
FWLD, November 2004 -- A Joint Initiative by ECPAT International and Plan
International to Combat the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children www.eldis.org/go/country-profiles&id=18673&type=Document#.UgpwAKyOAmh [accessed 13
Aug 2013] The paper finds
that children in Duty
to family & prostitution Reuters, June 7,
2000 www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000608/world.htm#9 [accessed 24 June
2011] Grinding poverty
and a sense of duty to family can push some girls as young as seven across
national borders and into prostitution, according to experts at a UN global
women's conference. At a discussion on
trafficking of women and girls on Tuesday, one activist referred to these
elemental forces in the case of girls taken from their homes in Nepal and into brothels in the big
cities of neighboring Child Prostitution
in Nepal/India Plan-UK At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 6
September 2011] Every year,
thousands of Nepalese girls, some as young as 11 are sent to or procured for
brothels in the big Indian cities, like One
Woman's Work to Stop Child Prostitution in Stephanie Salter,
San Francisco Chronicle, November 7, 2001 www.sfgate.com/education/article/One-woman-s-work-to-stop-child-prostitution-in-2860985.php [accessed 6 October
2012] About 10,000 girls,
most ages 9 to 16, are sold each year into the sex trade of neighboring Nepal
- Child Prostitution Australian
Broadcasting Corporation ABC News, Final Story, Series 6, Episode 12 --
Broadcast: 17/9/1996, Reporter: Martha Kearney www.abc.net.au/foreign/stories/s300306.htm [accessed 24 June
2011] SYNOPSIS - The BBC's Martha
Kearney traveled to Child
Prostitution in Sarika Misha, People's www.pucl.org/from-archives/Child/prostitution.htm [accessed 24 June
2011] II.
EXTENT
- A survey conducted by Indian Health Organization of a red light area of Tulasa and the Horrors of
Child Prostitution - Sold And Resold Body And Soul Rajedar Menen
reports from Kathmandu and At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 19 August
2011] Tulasa was abducted from Thankut village in Bagmati
district near Kathmandu and then smuggled to Children
and Women Trafficking in Idea Action Programmes-- Professor Yi Ki Ho, www.idea.org.np/Children%20&%20Women%20Trafficking.html [accessed 24 June
2011] It was 10 years ago.13-year-old
Mira of Nepal was offered a job as a domestic worker in Millions Suffer in
Sex Slavery United Press
International UPI, CHICAGO, April 24, 2001 socyberty.com/activism/statistics-of-modern-day-slavery/ [accessed 6 February
2015] AMONG THE OTHER
FINDINGS
- As many as 7,000 Nepali girls as young as 9 are sold annually into India's
red-light districts, 200,000 in the last decade. ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** ECPAT Global
Monitoring Report on the status of action against commercial exploitation of
children - NEPAL [PDF] ECPAT International,
2006 www.ecpat.net/A4A_2005/PDF/South_Asia/Global_Monitoring_Report-NEPAL.pdf [accessed 24 June
2011] The work of various
child focused organisations suggests that besides
trafficking, there is strong evidence of other forms of commercial sexual
exploitation of boys and girls in A study on child
sex tourism (CST) in Nepal (Kathmandu and Pokhara)
in 2003, showed that there were many incidences of foreign tourists/paedophiles exploiting children (particularly street
children and children from slum areas), who were lured by the promise of
money and gifts from tourists. Abuse took place in hotel rooms, restaurants,
secluded places and while trekking, etc. The study did not find any organised form of sex tourism existing in Nepal at that
time. The exact number of abuses was difficult to measure as most of the
contacts were made at individual level and therefore difficult to trace.
There were also numerous cases reported in the local newspapers of foreign
tourists keeping young boys and girls in their rented homes for long periods
of time where they were exploited sexually in exchange for shelter, food,
clothing and money. A study conducted
in 2003 by Child Workers In Nepal (CWIN) and Save the Children Norway on the
sexual abuse of children, revealed that with the exception of a few reported
cases of rape, the majority of cases of sexual exploitation among children go
unreported due to fear of the abusers and also due to the stigma associated with
the issue and reluctance to bring shame on the family. The study also showed
that the number of cases of sexual exploitation of both boys and girls not
only by strangers but by neighbours, teachers,
family friends, etc. is high. It further showed that there is limited
understanding of the non-contact forms of sexual exploitation such as
exposure to obscene language, pornographic materials, exhibitionism, and so
on, therefore these acts may not be viewed as sexual exploitation. It is
important to note that more than 50 per cent of the boy respondents admitted
to being sexually exploited. Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61709.htm [accessed 10
February 2020] CHILDREN
-
Violence against children was rarely prosecuted, and abuse primarily manifested
itself in trafficking of children. Forced prostitution and trafficking in
young girls remained serious problems. TRAFFICKING IN
PERSONS
- Local NGOs combating trafficking estimated that 25 thousand to 200 thousand
women and girls were lured or abducted annually into Hundreds of women
and girls returned voluntarily or were rescued and repatriated to the country
annually after having worked as commercial sex workers in All
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