C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Mozambique.htm
|
|||||||||||
|
CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of
particular interest to you. You might
be interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and
how some succeed in leaving. Perhaps
your paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their
leaving. Other factors of interest
might be poverty, rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction,
hunger, neglect, etc. On the other
hand, you might choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults
who control this activity. There is a
lot to the subject of Child Prostitution.
Scan other countries as well as this one. Draw comparisons between activity in
adjacent countries and/or regions.
Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. HELP for Victims Ministry of Interior 21 303510 Ministry of Justice 21 494264 Country code: 258- ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Childhood
on the Market - Teenage Prostitution in Viktoria Perschler-Desai,
African Security Review Vol 10 No 4, 2001 www.africaknowledgeproject.org/index.php/jenda/article/view/134 [accessed 13
Aug 2013] INTRODUCTION - Most of the
empirical information in this paper is based on the results of both the RA
and of investigations carried out in ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Country
Monitoring Report [PDF] Helena Esteves, ECPAT International, 2014 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/A4A2011_AF_MOZAMBIQUE.pdf [accessed 3
September 2020] [PORTUGUESE] Desk review of
existing information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in
Mozambique. The report looks at protection mechanisms, responses, preventive
measures, child and youth participation in fighting SEC, and makes
recommendations for action against SEC. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/mozambique/ [accessed 3
September 2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - The minimum age for consensual sex is 16 for boys and
girls. The law prohibits the commercial sexual exploitation of children and
child pornography. Authorities partially enforced the law, but exploitation
of children and child prostitution remained a problem. Girls were exploited
in prostitution in bars, roadside clubs, and restaurants. Child prostitution
appeared to be most prevalent in Maputo Province and the provinces of Nampula, Beira and Manica,
border towns, and at overnight stopping points along key transportation
routes. Some NGOs provided health care, counseling, and vocational training
to children, primarily girls, engaged in prostitution. 2018 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2019 www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 3
September 2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 835] Mozambican
children, lured from rural areas with promises of work and educational
opportunities, are subjected to forced domestic work and commercial sexual
exploitation in urban areas in Mozambique and South Africa. (2,3,5) Research indicates that Mozambican children are also
trafficked to South Africa for forced labor in agriculture, street vending,
and commercial sexual exploitation. (2,5) Although primary
education is free, families must provide school supplies and uniforms. (28,29) Moreover, barriers to education for children include
lack of schools, classroom space, and trained teachers. Many students,
particularly in rural areas, face difficulties traveling long distances to
get to school. (28,30-32) In addition, physical and
sexual abuse is common in schools. Research found that some male teachers
demand sex from female students. (1,29) Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 1 February 2002 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/mozambique2002.html [accessed 22
February 2011] [66] The Committee
is concerned that: (a) Child
prostitution is practiced and, according to recent evidence is increasing,
especially in the (b) Some children
are victims of trafficking for the purposes of prostitution; (c) As noted by the
State party in its initial report (para. 646), “the police’s
poor knowledge of the main legislation protecting children from prostitution
… their ignorance of children’s rights” and the “lack of guidance on the
role of police intervention in this field, as well as the absence of
institutions dedicated to the recovery of the child victims” are factors
contributing to the vulnerability of children to exploitation. UN Integrated
Regional Information Networks IRIN, Chimuara , 7
November 2006 www.irinnews.org/report/61502/mozambique-new-bridge-puts-children-at-risk [accessed 13 March
2015] "At the barracas there are also a number of rooms that are rented
out by the hour. There is a lot going on - children also work in the bars -
and there is nearly no monitoring by authorities," Engering
commented. A former barraca owner quoted in 'A Bridge Across the Zambezi', a
recent report by SC-UK assessing the social consequences of the bridge
construction project, admitted to profiting from child prostitution: "I
had six girl sex workers working for me, and I had rooms in the back ...
others continue to have bars and rooms available and hire girl sex
workers." One 12-year-old was
quoted as saying, "Many young girls in this area chat with men. They get
pregnant and make abortions here by the river ... they do not know how to use
condoms and do not want to go to school." The SC-UK report estimated HIV/AIDS
prevalence in Caia and Chimuara
at over 20 percent. AIDS, Pregnancy and
Poverty Trap Ever More African Girls Sharon Lafraniere, New York Times, Patrice Lumumba Click [here]
to access the article. Its URL is not
displayed because of its length [accessed 15
September 2011] But for the last 25
years, the trends had been positive. African girls, like girls elsewhere,
were marrying later, and a growing percentage were in school. The AIDS epidemic now threatens to take
away those hard-won gains. Orphaned and impoverished by the deaths of
parents, girls here are being propelled into sex at shockingly early ages to
support themselves, their siblings and, all too often, their own children. Flora said she
remembers how her father's earnings from work in Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Comparative
Criminology - A comparative Criminology Tour of the World Dr. Robert Winslow, www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/rwinslow/africa/mozambique.html [accessed 23 June
2011] TRAFFICKING IN
PERSONS
- Child prostitution appeared to be most prevalent in Child Prostitutes
brought to SA Mandy Rossouw, Beeld, www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Child-prostitutes-brought-to-SA-20030219 [accessed 3 August
2011] Child prostitution
is flourishing in Child Trafficking
Projects in southern Africa 01. 06. 2005 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 15
September 2011] In Seduction,
Sale & Slavery: Trafficking In Women & Children For Sexual
Exploitation In Jonathan Martens, Maciej ‘Mac’ Pieczkowski, &
Bernadette van Vuuren-Smyth, International
Organization for Migration IOM Pretoria SA, May 2003 www.unicef.org.mz/cpd/references/40-TraffickingReport3rdEd.pdf [accessed 23 April
2012] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - The major findings may be summarized as follows: Mozambican victims
include both girls and young women between the ages of 14 and 24. They are
offered jobs as waitresses or sex workers in Johannesburg, and pay their
traffickers ZAR 500 to smuggle them across the border in minibus taxis either
at Komatipoort or Ponta do Ouro.
They stay in transit houses along South Africa’s border with Mozambique and
Swaziland for one night where they are sexually assaulted as an initiation
for the sex work that awaits them. Once in Johannesburg, some are sold to brothels
in the Central Business District (CBD) for ZAR 1000. Others are sold as
slaves on private order for ZAR 550, or shopped around to mineworkers on the
West Rand as ‘wives’ for ZAR 650. An estimated 1000 Mozambican victims are
recruited, transported, and exploited in this way every year, earning
traffickers approximately ZAR 1 million annually. Timothy
Bancroft-Hinchey, Pravda.Ru, english.pravda.ru/news/russia/15-10-2001/34487-0/ [accessed 22
February 2011] Children are being
kidnapped or sold in Mozambique and are being used in prostitution rings and forced
labor rackets in Zimbabwe and South Africa. Others are less fortunate – they
are killed before their vital organs are removed and sold for
transplantation. Child Protection -
Progress and challenges United Nations Children's
Fund UNICEF, February 14, 2011 www.unicef.org/mozambique/protection.html [accessed 23 June
2011] VIOLENCE,
EXPLOITATION AND ABUSE
- Sexual exploitation and abuse against children and women also occur at home
and in the workplace. In a study done by the Ministry of Women and Social
Action, as many as 34 per cent of women surveyed reported having been beaten
and ten per cent of the respondents reported to have been subjected to some
form of sexual abuse. Sexual abuse and harassment
is also a problem in schools. Case studies suggest that 8 per cent of primary
school children have been sexually abused and another 35 per cent have
experienced sexual harassment. Children
of Conflict - Child Workers BBC World Service www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/features/childrensrights/childrenofconflict/work.shtml [accessed 23 June
2011] PROSTITUTION - For such
children, living a hand to mouth existence on the streets selling their
bodies, gives them access to much larger amounts of money. In this way,
children can often earn more than adults in regular employment. 9-year-old Mariazinha, lost a leg in a car accident and uses crutches.
The easiest way for Mariazinha to earn money is to
have sex with white tourists visiting Protection
Project: The www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/mozambique.doc [accessed 2009] Factors pushing
girls into prostitution in Government
Reaffirms Commitment to Children - 1997 Mozambique News
Agency, AIM Reports, Number 112, 18th June 1997 www.poptel.org.uk/mozambique-news/newsletter/aim112.html#story4 [accessed 23 June
2011] Deputy Social
Welfare Minister Filipe Manjate urged society as a
whole to "protect children against prostitution and sexual abuse", saying this should be Mozambicans' top priority. "Domestic
violence, sexual abuse of children, child prostitution and drug consumption
by minors must be fought against", he said. ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** ECPAT Global
Monitoring Report on the status of action against commercial exploitation of
children - MOZAMBIQUE [PDF] ECPAT International,
2007 www.ecpat.net/A4A_2005/PDF/AF/Global_Monitoring_Report-MOZAMBIQUE.pdf [accessed 23 June
2011] Since the 1990s,
child prostitution has grown significantly in urban areas of While the majority
of children involved in prostitution in Mozambique appear to be girls, there
are reports of prostitution of boys, although not much information on this
phenomenon is readily available. The Committee on the Rights of Child has
noted that boys are less protected from abuse than girls. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/mozambique.htm [accessed 22
February 2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - The number of children in prostitution is growing in
both urban and rural regions, particularly in Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41617.htm [accessed 10
February 2020] TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS
– Child prostitution appeared to be most prevalent in All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt,
Prof. Martin, "Child Prostitution - Mozambique",
http://gvnet.com/childprostitution/ Mozambique.htm, [accessed <date>] |
