C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Djibouti.htm
|
|||||||||||
|
CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in Djibouti. Some of these
links may lead to websites that present allegations that are unsubstantiated,
misleading or even false. No attempt
has been made to validate their authenticity or to verify their content. HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this
page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and how
some succeed in leaving. Perhaps your
paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their leaving. Other factors of interest might be poverty,
rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction, hunger, neglect,
etc. On the other hand, you might
choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who control this
activity. There is a lot to the
subject of Child Prostitution. Scan
other countries as well as this one.
Draw comparisons between activity in adjacent countries and/or
regions. Meanwhile, check out some of
the Term-Paper
resources that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Protection Project
- Djibouti
[DOC] The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS),
The Johns Hopkins University www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/djibouti.doc [accessed 2009] FORMS OF TRAFFICKING - Displaced women and children fleeing conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia have ended up in prostitution in Djibouti. Some of them have also been trafficked to wealthy Arab states to work as domestic servants. Child prostitution is on the rise in Djibouti. A government study, conducted in conjunction with UNICEF, found that 73.3 percent of street children were Ethiopian and that over a quarter of these children were exploited in the commercial sex industry. Most are girls from the Dire-Dawa region of Ethiopia. They are often brought by other girls to brothels, where they are forced into prostitution. In Djibouti’s most famous sex venue, Rue d’Ethiopie, children age 11 to 16 are forced to engage in prostitution. - htsccp ***
ARCHIVES *** Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/djibouti/ [accessed 27 August
2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - The law provides for three years’ imprisonment and a
fine of one million DJF ($5,650) if convicted of the commercial exploitation
of children. The law does not specifically prohibit statutory rape, and there
is no legal minimum age of consent. The sale, manufacture, or distribution of
all pornography, including child pornography, is prohibited, and are
punishable by one year’s imprisonment and a fine of up to 200,000 DJF
($1,130). The government
enacted an anti-trafficking-in-persons (TIP) law in 2016 that prohibits human
trafficking and outlines definitions distinguishing trafficking and smuggling.
The law provides language that the “means” element generally needed to
prosecute TIP cases is not required when the victim is a minor. Despite government
efforts to keep at-risk children off the streets and to warn businesses
against permitting children to enter bars and clubs, children were vulnerable
to prostitution on the streets and in brothels. 2018 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2019 www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 22 August
2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 425] Limited reports
from prior reporting periods suggested that children, including undocumented
migrant girls, have historically been vulnerable to commercial sexual
exploitation in Djibouti City and the Ethiopia-Djibouti trucking corridor. (8,9) Prior reporting also found that poverty among
Djiboutian households made girls vulnerable to commercial sexual
exploitation. (6) Concluding
Observations Of The Committee On The Rights Of The Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 2 June 2000 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/djibouti2000.html [accessed 27
February 2011] [45] The Committee
is concerned about the exposure of older children in the State party, particularly
those living on the street or working in port areas and along truck routes,
to sexual exploitation and to sexually transmitted diseases, including the
risk of HIV infection. The Committee is also concerned that girls married at
a young age may not have sufficient access to family planning services and
counseling. [57] The Committee
is concerned about the high and apparently increasing incidence of
prostitution involving children, in particular girls, and about the lack of
facilities to provide services to sexually exploited children. [58] In the light
of article 34 and other related articles of the Convention, the Committee
recommends that the State party undertake studies with a view to designing
and implementing appropriate policies and measures, including to promote the
physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims
of sexual exploitation, and to preventing and combating the sexual
exploitation of children while avoiding the criminalization of child victims.
In this regard, the Committee encourages the State party to take into account
the recommendations formulated in the Agenda for Action adopted at the World
Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, held in
Stockholm in 1996. Commercial
Sexual Exploitation of Children - Middle East/North Africa Region UNICEF: Second World
Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children www.unicef.org/events/yokohama/backgound8.html [accessed 8 May
2011] These countries also
have in common, however, a number of constraints that have hindered
preparation of national plans of action. In all the countries of the region,
there is cultural resistance to addressing the problem because the subject is
largely taboo. Five Years After
Stockholm
[PDF] ECPAT International, November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 8 May
2011] [page 45] DJIBOUTI - The Horn of Africa
region has had a long history of conflict. This has led to an influx of
foreign children into Djibouti and especially the capital, and has thus
increased the number of street children. The civil war in Djibouti has also
led to problems like economic instability, poverty, family displacement and a
loss of traditional values, all of which have contributed to the increase in
CSEC. Street boys, the majority of whom are from neighboring countries, are
also exposed to the danger of sexual exploitation. In addition, the presence
of affluent French soldiers provides easy income to poor girls. Djibouti has not
yet developed a national plan on CSEC. The laws on CSEC in the country are
inadequate and no support systems or intervention strategies have been developed
due to the limited knowledge of the problem. United
Nations Population Fund Country Program Outline For Djibouti
[PDF] Executive Board of
the United Nations Development Programme and of the
United Nations Population Fund, 30 September 2002 -- DP/FPA/DJI/2 www.unfpa.org/exbrd/2002/final/dpfpadji2.pdf [accessed 8 May
2011] 12. Drought,
poverty and frequent conflicts in the region encourage urban migration. Overburdened urban areas are home to
growing numbers of street children.
The pervasive poverty contributes to the number of commercial sex
workers, as does the presence of many soldiers, dockworkers and truck drivers
travelling the Djibouti-Addis Ababa highway. Awareness of the risks of
unprotected sex is low. ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 8, 2006 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61566.htm [accessed 8 February
2020] CHILDREN – Child
prostitution existed. Some children that immigrated to the country for
economic reasons engaged in prostitution to survive. There was no known
system of organized pimps who exploited children; however, older children
sometimes acted as "protectors" and took a portion of other
children's earnings as a fee." The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor U.S. Dept of Labor Bureau of International Labor Affairs, 2005 www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/djibouti.htm [accessed 1 February
2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - In urban areas, children often work in the informal sector
in small-scale family businesses, trade, catering, crafts, or as domestic
servants. Children displaced from Ethiopia and Somalia also seek work in the
informal sector in Djibouti’s cities, working as shoe polishers, car washers,
khat-sellers, street peddlers,
moneychangers, beggars, and in commercial sexual exploitation. Commercial sexual exploitation of children
is reportedly increasing, particularly among refugee street children in the
capital city. A report by the Ministry of Youth and UNICEF found
numerous girls between the ages of 8 and 17 years, many from Ethiopia,
leaving work as domestic servants to become involved in commercial sex
exploitation. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt,
Prof. Martin, "Child Prostitution - Djibouti", http://gvnet.com/childprostitution/Djibouti.htm,
[accessed <date>] |
