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Prevalence, Abuse & Exploitation of Street Children In the early years
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situation in ***
FEATURED ARTICLES *** Disease haunts lonely street children of
Bangladesh Nadeem Qadir,
Agence France-Presse AFP,
www.aegis.com/news/afp/2003/AF030303.html [accessed 3 April 2011] "I had scabies all over my body and they bled due to scratching, but I didn't have any money to go to a doctor," he said. "I treated it with some cream I bought from a vendor, but it didn't go away." A monster in the making The Daily Star, 2007-09-26 www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=5445 [accessed 3 April 2011] “In reality people in our society are not much concerned about drug addiction among street children because they are kept out of sight and so are out of mind. The upper and middle income groups and the educated section of the society are not directly affected by this problem,” she said. “The direct impact of the problem is that by losing these children, who will soon become adolescents and teens, Bangladesh will lose a portion of her young workforce. We will lose our potential resources and they will become a national burden,” said the sociologist. Staff Correspondent, The Daily Star, www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=41556 [accessed 3 April 2011] A large number of
street boys in Poverty and wayward
life of their parents, loss of shelters due to natural calamities such as
floods and cyclone, drug addiction, bigamy or polygamy of parents and missing
during journey from one place to another are among the factors that are
responsible for a large number of street boys' get involved in crimes, says
the report. Many of these
hapless street boys are being picked up by criminals for keeping arms,
throwing bombs at targets, selling drugs and pilferage of food grains for
small amount of money, the project manager quoted the survey report as
saying. A day in the lives of two homeless brothers
in Bangladesh Casey McCarthy, United Nations Children's
Fund UNICEF, www.unicef.org/infobycountry/bangladesh_48635.html [accessed 3 April 2011] The sun had not yet
risen when the two boys woke up. By 4 a.m., the port on the River Buriganga here in the capital of Bangladesh was alive and
bustling. The ‘bed’ where Yusef,14, and his younger
brother Smaile,10, slept was made of hard wooden planks on the pier. In a familiar routine, the brothers washed
up and then walked around, looking for empty bottles to fill with fresh water
that they would later sell. They started their morning by begging for food at
local cafes. On a good day, the boys get some leftovers. On a bad one, they
go hungry. DETERMINED TO CREATE
A BETTER LIFE
- For Yusef and Smaile,
lunchtime meant – as usual – begging for food. Then they returned to the harbour to look for work carrying bags or boxes. (The
boys work about six hours a day, earning less than $1.) The day ended as
darkness crept in. Hey returned to their ‘beds’ on the pier for a few hours’
sleep before repeating the whole process the next day. ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Global Monitoring Report on the
status of action against commercial exploitation of children - BANGLADESH [PDF] ECPAT 2005 www.ecpat.net/A4A_2005/PDF/South_Asia/Global_Monitoring_Report-BANGLADESH.pdf [accessed 3 April 2011] A report published
by Appropriate Resources for Improving Street Children’s Environment (Arise)
in 2002, put the number of street children in UNICEF
- www.unicef.org/infobycountry/bangladesh.html [accessed 3 April 2011] The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/bangladesh.htm [accessed 21 January 2011] INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Children are also often found working in a variety
of potentially hazardous occupations and sectors, including bidi (hand-rolled cigarette) factories, construction,
leather tanneries, fisheries, automobile repair, welding, bangle-making,
rickshaw-pulling, matches manufacturing, brick-breaking, book binding, and
the garment industry. In urban areas
many children work as domestic servants, porters, and street vendors, and are
vulnerable to sexual abuse and commercial sexual exploitation. In addition, many children are also
reported to be involved with criminal gangs engaged in arms and drug trading
and smuggling. Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61705.htm [accessed
21 January 2011] CHILDREN
-
According to a 2002 report published by the government news agency Bangladesh
Shongbad Shongsta, there
were approximately 400 thousand homeless children, of whom as many as 150
thousand had no knowledge of their parents Few facilities existed for
children whose parents were incarcerated.. Concluding Observations of the Committee on
the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the Rights of the Child,
30 September 2003 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/bangladesh2003.html [accessed 21 January 2011] [75] The Committee notes
the efforts undertaken by the State party to provide children living or
working on the streets with access to health services and education. However, the Committee is concerned at the
large population of children living or working on the streets and at the
extremely difficult conditions under which this very
marginalized group is living, and at the lack of sustained efforts to address
this phenomenon. The Committee is
further concerned at the incidence of violence, including sexual abuse and
physical brutality, directed at these children by police officers. Theatre for unprivileged, tribal children The New Nation, Dhaka www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-199890676.html [partially accessed 3 April 2011 - access
restricted] There are children
belonging to very poor families who are deprived and unprivileged and
sometime marginalised. Among them there are street
children without parents, home or any type of shelter. There are slum
children living in the street side or by the side of rail line. These
children begin each of the days with the tension of collecting foods. In
which age, they should go to school; they have to go in search of livelihood.
They have to work hard till the night. Even sometime they have to be involved
in different types of risky jobs, which are threats to their lives. While
growing up, these children usually experience severe malnutrition, social
repugnance and considerable vulnerability. As a result, they often grow
hostility, hatred and distrust towards the society. This hatred and distrust
draw these naive children toward criminal activities and thus play the most
effective role in tainting the society. Sufferings of our children Sadika Akhter,
The Daily Star, April 22, 2009 www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=85028 [accessed 3 April 2011] Fatema, who is 9 years
old, works at Rampura kacha
bazaar. She collects fish from the fish market and sells them to earn money.
The men who work in the market treat the children shoddily and inhumanly. The
child was crying and saying to me: "I went to the bazaar to collect fish
apa, the shopkeeper poured ice-water (thanda borof ar pani dale dicche) on me and slapped me. I could not collect any
fish. What will I eat today apa?" I could not
answer her question. Lovely is a
ten-year old child. She left her house two years ago. Her father used to beat
her mother and as a child she could not bear the pain. She left her house,
came to Dhaka by launch and got lost in this big city. She stayed for one
week in Kamalapur rail station without any food.
The policemen used to beat her. After seven days of starvation, she got some
food that was thrown out from a hotel. She met a man who brought her to the
drop in centre. A day in the lives of two homeless brothers
in Bangladesh Casey McCarthy, United Nations Children's
Fund UNICEF, www.unicef.org/infobycountry/bangladesh_48635.html [accessed 3 April 2011] The sun had not yet
risen when the two boys woke up. By 4 a.m., the port on the River Buriganga here in the capital of Bangladesh was alive and
bustling. The ‘bed’ where Yusef,14, and his younger
brother Smaile,10, slept was made of hard wooden planks on the pier. In a familiar routine, the brothers washed
up and then walked around, looking for empty bottles to fill with fresh water
that they would later sell. They started their morning by begging for food at
local cafes. On a good day, the boys get some leftovers. On a bad one, they
go hungry. DETERMINED TO CREATE
A BETTER LIFE
- For Yusef and Smaile,
lunchtime meant – as usual – begging for food. Then they returned to the harbour to look for work carrying bags or boxes. (The
boys work about six hours a day, earning less than $1.) The day ended as
darkness crept in. Hey returned to their ‘beds’ on the pier for a few hours’
sleep before repeating the whole process the next day. City's hapless street children Raihan Sabuktagin,
The Daily Star, 2008-12-07 www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=66400 [accessed 3 April 2011] Street children are
found in bazaars, commercial areas, bus terminals, hotels and parks, on the
pavements, around the stadium. They try to earn a living through collecting
garbage, breaking bricks or pushing rickshaws. Some of them work in roadside
tea stalls while some are just beggars. Some street children are involved in
petty crime. The underworld gangs use
the street children in drug peddling, snatching, toll collection and other
crimes. Dr
MSI Mullick, an associate professor of psychiatry
at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib
Medical University, says children growing up in deprivation are accustomed to
extreme behaviours, primarily because of
inferiority complex. “You cannot expect good behaviour
from a person who have not been treated well by others, can you?” Living a life of Sisiphus Durdana Ghias,
The Daily Star, 2008-09-10 www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=54086 [accessed 3 April 2011] Rubel was pushing a
rickshaw full of sacks and a man was sitting on the sacks. Though 12 years
old the malnourished boy looked not more than 10 years of age. A dozen other kids were doing the same type
of jobs. They were helping the vehicles to climb the ramp of a bridge. Scores of people and non-motorised vehicles like rickshaws and rickshaw vans cross
the Lohar Bridge every day at Kamrangirchar,
one of the vital links connecting the char with the city. It is really astounding to see how these
little boys manage to push the heavily loaded rickshaws and vans all the day
just for Tk 2 per vehicle. Most of the
children were thin and wiry and looked tiny than their actual age. They work
from the crack of the dawn till midnight. Some of them do it because they
have to support their families. Some do it because they want to earn for
themselves and spend on whatever things they want to including
drugs. "I push rickshaws because
I don't have any other work to do," said Rubel
while pushing the rickshaw in the sweltering heat. He gets around Tk
100 daily by pushing rickshaws and rickshaw vans from seven in the morning to
two in the afternoon. Asked what he
does with the money Rubel said he gives the money
to his mother to support his family of four that his rickshaw puller father
cannot run. Save the young offenders nation.ittefaq.com/issues/2008/08/19/news0200.htm [Last access date unavailable] Being deprived from
education and proper care those children loose their sense of right and
wrong. Peer influence also play a big role in
leading them astry. Growing number of street
children pose a threat to the society. Teenager criminals are feared to be
more desperate. Due to adventurism characteristic of young age, they will not
hesitate to commit crimes without the slightest thought of their own safety. Health scheme for street children Md Rajib
Hossain, The Daily Star, 2008-08-09 www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=49585 [accessed 3 April 2011] Kalam does not know his
identity. He cannot remember his parents, not even have any near and dear
ones. He was born and grown up on a road at Hazaribag
in the city. The 10 years old boy feels his mother most whenever he becomes
sick. During his sickness in last month, he was crying by the name of mother
on the roadside. He could not go to a hospital with his very little money or
could not buy his own food or any medicine. Nobody paid attention to him. Kalam’s mental and
physical agony was culminating thinking the fate of one of his peers who died
untreated after suffering from this sort of fever. He left on the roadside
with high fever, chill, rigor and repeated convulsions. After 3 days, one
kind passerby did notice and admitted him into the Mitford Hospital with his
own money. Kalam’s story depicts more
than 200,000 street children floating in Dhaka metropolitan area. Statistics
say the terrible thing regarding health status of street children. More than
73 percent of street children in the city are victims of physical, mental
abuse and suffering from various degrees of malnutrition. Street children
across the country are out of healthcare facilities. Challenging task of birth registration Shahnaz Parveen,
The Daily Star, 2008-06-30 www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=43440 [accessed 3 April 2011] Field level workers
of the project working closely with the street children said that collecting
information about street children is extremely challenging. “Most of the street children without
parents or lost children who ended up on the streets do not know anything
about their age or the place they were born. The runaway kids usually refrain
from giving the right information,” pointed out Ashrafun
Nahar Rainy, in-charge, Drop-in-Centre of
Assistance for Slum Dwellers, one of the partner NGOs. “Many street children who have parents are
also ignorant about their birth year or date. Even their parents do not know
anything. It becomes quite hard for us to gather information when the
situation is like this,” she added.
Rainy also mentioned that often it becomes difficult to gain their
trust in the first place. These children move from one place to another,
making it hard to trace them. Unwanted newborns and lost toddlers found in
the streets are the most challenging to work with. Educating street children Niaz Ahmed Khan, The
Daily Star, 2008-06-26 www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=42820 [accessed 4 April 2011] Government
statistics, based on a survey by the Bangladesh Institute of Development
Studies, estimate the number of street children in The major problems
of street children are: Insecure life; physical and sexual abuse by adults of
the immediate community; harassment by law enforcing agencies; no, or
inadequate, access to educational institutions and healthcare facilities; and
lack of decent employment opportunity. Staff Correspondent, The Daily Star, www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=41556 [accessed 3 April 2011] A large number of
street boys in Poverty and wayward
life of their parents, loss of shelters due to natural calamities such as
floods and cyclone, drug addiction, bigamy or polygamy of parents and missing
during journey from one place to another are among the factors that are
responsible for a large number of street boys' get involved in crimes, says
the report. Many of these
hapless street boys are being picked up by criminals for keeping arms,
throwing bombs at targets, selling drugs and pilferage of food grains for
small amount of money, the project manager quoted the survey report as
saying. Rehabilitation of street children emphasised nation.ittefaq.com/issues/2008/05/26/news0667.htm [Last access date unavailable] Liton, a 12-year old boy
sells betel leaves in a park and lives with his distant aunt and her son in a
slum at city's Tejgaon area. His father is no more and his mother died
when he was minor. He used to live with her grand-mother initially and then
moved to his aunt, previously known to her late mother. His aunt, abandoned
by her husband, earns her livelihood begging.
Like his aunt, Liton also begs along with
selling betel leaves. His companion Roni is a nine year old boy, who lives in the same slum
with his mother, crippled father and a four-year old sister. Roni's father was a rickshaw puller and sustained
injuries in a road accident that left his parents beg door to door. Eight year old Moyna sells rejected flowers from Shahbagh
area to the nearby campus. She stays with a floating family at the High court
area. She lives with her grandmother and aunt following deaths of her parents
died at her early age. Abandoned by their husbands, both her grandmother and
aunt are beggars. Although Liton, Roni and Moyna seem to earn some money by selling flowers, water
and collecting thrown away papers, their main earnings are from asking alms
from the passerby. Street dwellers lack access to healthcare
services Staff Correspondent, The Daily Star, Street
dwellers lack access to healthcare services Reveals ICDDR,B study, 2008-05-15 www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=36629 [accessed 3 April 2011] Street dwellers in
the city are extremely vulnerable in terms of their health needs, hygiene and
utilisation of healthcare services and this marginalised group is neglected by public and private
sectors, a study conducted by It is found that
most of the street dwellers have been suffering from diseases of respiratory
and digestive system, weakness, severe pain and scabies. A monster in the making The Daily Star, 2007-09-26 www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=5445 [accessed 3 April 2011] “In reality people
in our society are not much concerned about drug addiction among street
children because they are kept out of sight and so are out of mind. The upper
and middle income groups and the educated section of the society are not
directly affected by this problem,” she said. “The direct impact of the problem is that by
losing these children, who will soon become adolescents and teens, Bangladesh
will lose a portion of her young workforce. We will lose our potential resources
and they will become a national burden,” said the sociologist. Zooming in on people living on the fringes
of society Ahsan Habib,
The Daily Star, Vol. 5 Num 1097, July 02, 2007 www.thedailystar.net/2007/07/02/d707021401151.htm [accessed 4 April 2011] Another noteworthy
film by Nipa was a series of five documentaries on
street children in Too little to raise hope Raihan Sabuktagin,
The Daily Star, Vol. 5 Num 1096, July 01, 2007 www.thedailystar.net/2007/07/01/d707012502115.htm [accessed 4 April 2011] According to U M Habibun Nesa, head of the child
protection programme of Save the Children UK, the
underprivileged vagrant children are 'socially disabled' and they could
otherwise be assets of the society. "While growing
up, these children usually experience severe malnutrition, social repugnance
and considerable vulnerability. As a result, they often grow hostility,
hatred and distrust towards the society. This hatred and distrust draw these
naďve children toward criminal activities -- tainting the society in the
process," said Habibun Nesa. "With rapid
increase in the number of vagrant population and if the present situation
continues, it will be a social disaster in the near future," she added. Call for adequate budget allocation for
street children Bss, www.thedailystar.net/2007/06/10/d70610060273.htm [accessed 4 April 2011] A large number of
children are driven to the capital city and other towns for their survival as
they face immense suffering due to broken family and natural calamities and
take shelters in the streets in different cities and towns, including Dhaka
and Ensuring child rights Md. Sazedul
Islam, PID-UNICEF Feature, 24 Jan 2007 This article has been archived by World
Street Children News and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 21 September 2011] Nasima was brought up at
her grandmother's house along with four sisters when her mother died when she
was very young. Her father remarried. Due to physical torture and abuse by
her stepmother, she ran away from the house and came to Dhaka where she
started working as a domestic help in two houses. But she could not bear the
heavy load of works. She came to street and survived by picking waste paper. She met the staff
of Aparajeyo Bangladesh (AB), a NGO, which has
street children's club at Arambag in the capital.
She was enrolled in the center and showed interest in her education and
became an active member of the center. Due to her self-motivation and
personal development, she was transferred to AB's girls' hostel. Nasima, 15, now student
of Class VIII, is a talented dancer and orator. She completed a beautician
course on April 2005 through the assistance of ARISE (Appropriate Resources
Improving Street Children's Environment) which is a joint project of Ministry
of Social Welfare and UNDP taken for ensuring the welfare of street children. Bangladeshi president postpones election
and imposes state of emergency Jake Skeers,
World Socialist Web Site, 2007-01-16 www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/4150 [accessed 4 April 2011] Another indicator
is the increased use of child labour. A survey conducted by UNICEF and the
Bangladesh Ministry of Labor and Manpower released in 2004 found that there
are 7 million child workers in Bangladesh, including a large number in
hazardous industries. One fifth of the total workforce consists of children
aged 15 or under. The BBS and
International Labor Organisation surveyed children aged 5 to 17 working in
the five worst industries: welding, auto workshops, road transport, battery
recharging and recycling; and street children. It found that 149,000 children
in these sectors worked an average of nine hours a day. The majority of those
questioned said they worked six or seven days a week for little or no wages.
Children recharging and filling batteries had an average monthly wage of 313
taka ($US5.30). Street children earned an average monthly wage of just 288
taka ($US4.85) by collecting old paper, street selling, shining shoes, portering or begging. Those in the transport sector
received an average 1,417 taka ($US24) a month. Blockade forces street children into
begging Mahbuba Zannat,
November 25, 2006 This article has been archived by World
Street Children News and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 21 September 2011] Street children,
who collect recyclable goods from the streets to make a living, were forced
into begging as the streets were the arena for political violence over the
past weeks. Due to increased police
vigilance over the opposition blockade programme,
these homeless children were also subjected to police abuse and repression. "Whenever I go
out to collect bhangari (recyclable goods) with a
sack on my back the police beat me up suspecting that there are cocktails or
other explosives in the sack," said Rana, a
12-year-old boy who has left home to live with other street children at Paltan in the city.
"As I cannot go out for work I use to beg money from people and
sometime beg food from shop owners and hotel workers," he said. UNESCO: Street Children - UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization UNESCO www.unescobkk.org/index.php?id=3371 [accessed 4 April 2011] The Consortium of
Street Children feels that the inexperience of the Bangladeshi government in
dealing with street children and their tendency to mix the characteristics of
disadvantaged children with street children has however resulted in the
design and implementation of costly, improper, and ineffective methodologies.
The number of street children in Bangladesh continues to rise and it has
become clear that current programmes are inadequate
and are failing to successfully address this issue. Fears for Children's BBC News, August 07 2006 news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_5250000/newsid_5253300/5253324.stm [accessed 4 April 2011] Latest figures show
there are now 670,000 homeless children living there, a third more than there
were in 2000 Rippon has been living in
a railway station for a year since his mum died. He doesn't know how old he
is. Every day he sits on the steps of
the railway station hoping to earn tips from carrying people's suitcases and
bags. Security guards often try to move him on. He said: "I
don't feel good. The police disturb us at night. They beat us. And there's no
food here. "If I'm hungry I drink
water and try to go to sleep." Concern over sexual exploitation of street
children The Daily Star Vol
5 Num 743, June 30, 2006 This article has been archived by World
Street Children News and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 21 September 2011] Child rights
activists yesterday expressed concern over the sexual exploitation of street
children, saying that vested quarters are using them in pornographic
movies. There is an alarming rise in
the victimisation of street girls aged between 9
and 18 by pornographers, they said and called for combined efforts of the
government and NGOs to combat it. Plight of Deutsche Presse-Agentur
(German Press Agency) DPA, [accessed 4 April 2011] The plight of
hundreds of thousands of street children in A survey carried
out by the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, an autonomous think tank, revealed that the number of street children across
the country soared to 674,000 in 2005, up by over 244,000 from 2000. Street children continue to be victims of
abuse Mahbuba Zannat,
April 26, 2006 This article has been archived by World
Street Children News and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 21 September 2011] Even the boys are
not safe in the streets. According to a survey conducted by Incidin Bangladesh on 100 street boys between seven and
12 years at Kamalapur last year, it was found that
at least 94 percent children were victims of molestation. Ground-breaking surveys expose plight of International Labour Organization ILO News,
At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 21 September 2011] The most detailed
picture ever compiled of the conditions endured by Bangladesh’s most
disadvantaged children - those working in what are classified as the worst
forms of child labor – has revealed that many are working 10 hours a day, 6
days a week, sometimes for only food and a bed. The youngest economically active children
surveyed were the street children. On average they started their first job
aged just seven; a quarter of those interviewed were aged under 11 and 73 per
cent under 14. BBC News, 15 February, 2002 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1822200.stm [accessed 4 April 2011] Every morning as
the sun rises a host of children walk across this vast mound of rotting
rubbish scavenging for used plastic water bottles or similar rubbish. They can sell these items for a paltry fee
to a second-hand shop that operates on the outskirts of the dump. There are least 20 children who live in the
dump. BBC News, 15 January, 2002 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1762172.stm [accessed 4 April 2011] They face a daily
routine of exploitation and violence and like other street children in the
world often end up in a life of crime.
The report says it is impossible to calculate exactly how many street
children there are in total, but it is generally thought to be approaching
two million. Street Children
Suffer Sexual Abuse Qurratul Ain
Tahmina, Inter Press Service News Agency IPS, www.aegis.com/news/ips/2001/IP011104.html [accessed 4 April 2011] "These men can
easily lure the children with food, money and kind words and eventually abuse
them sexually. This happens to boys and girls equally," he says. Homosexual practices, too, are very high
among the boys." Disease haunts lonely street children of
Bangladesh Nadeem Qadir,
Agence France-Presse AFP,
www.aegis.com/news/afp/2003/AF030303.html [accessed 3 April 2011] "I had scabies
all over my body and they bled due to scratching, but I didn't have any money
to go to a doctor," he said.
"I treated it with some cream I bought from a vendor, but it
didn't go away." Information about Street Children - This report is taken from “A Civil Society
Forum for South Asia on Promoting and Protecting the Rights of Street
Children”, 12- 14 December 2001, At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 21 September 2011] Estimated number of
street children in Street and Working Children in Fakrul Islam, Child
Workers in At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 21 September 2011] In Street Children Can
Be Made Into Social Assets The New Age, April 17 2004 bangladesh-web.com/view.php?hidType=TOP&hidRecord=0000000000000000006206 [accessed 4 April 2011] Pakhi is now
living a decent life, having being given some education. She works at a data
entry firm and earns an adequate amount of money. “I am confident and believe I can do many
things like others who are from the privileged section of the society”. Street Girls Find a World Vision New At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 21 September 2011] When 11-year-old Moina Akter fled her village
home in the Chandpur District and hopped on a bus
to CSKS - A Street Children Program in Cinnamul-Shishu Kishore Sangstha CSKS, At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 21 September 2011] The approach of
CSKS is based on the philosophy that helping street children requires
offering them choices within their environment and assisting them to make
their own decisions, which will in time lead away from the street. The mistaken belief that rescuing street
children involves removing them from the street as quickly as possible often
does more harm than good, resulting in failed rehabilitation and a return to
the street. Experimenting With
New Ideas: IDF and Padakhep Zain Bari, Grameen Dialogue, Issue 60, January 2005 www.grameen-info.org/dialogue/Dialogue60/Bangladesh.html [accessed 4 April 2011] STREET CHILDREN GET A NEW All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt, Prof. Martin,
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