Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery Poverty drives the unsuspecting poor into the
hands of traffickers Published reports & articles from 2000 to 2025 gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Sudan.htm
Sudanese women and
girls are trafficked to Middle Eastern countries such as |
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CAUTION: The following
links have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEB-PAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of Human Trafficking are of
particular interest to you. Would you
like to write about Forced-Labor? Debt
Bondage? Prostitution? Forced Begging? Child Soldiers? Sale of Organs? etc. On the other
hand, you might choose to include precursors of trafficking such as poverty and hunger. There is a lot to
the subject of Trafficking. Scan other
countries as well. Draw comparisons
between activity in adjacent countries and/or regions. Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. ***
FEATURED ARTICLES *** 880 Sudanese Slaves
Liberated - Thousands Remain Enslaved in Darfur, Kordofan Dr. John Eibner, The
theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=/ST/db/read.php?idx=1462 [accessed 25
December 2010] Most of the
returning slaves documented by CSI reported gross abuse by their Arab Muslim
masters. Among the most widespread forms of abuse are beatings, death
threats, work without pay, forced Islamization and Arabization, and racial
and religious slurs. The majority of women and older girls said they were
raped or gang-raped while in bondage. A minority of the females claim they
were subjected to female genital mutilation (FGM) — a ritual that is the
cultural norm for Baggara Arab women. From Slavery to
Freedom...Please read Ayiti Ap
Bon, 01-22-02 www.haitiwebs.com/showthread.php?t=20504 [accessed 25
December 2010] Bok said he was
captured by the raiders and, along with two little girls, was placed on a
donkey and carted north. "The girls were crying, and when they did not
stop after being told to do so, a soldier pulled out his pistol and shot one
of them," he said. "The other girl kept crying, and then he shot
her." Bok was taken to Kirio, he said, where he was given to an Arab man, who
presented him to the entire household. They all beat him. "They always
called me 'abeed,' which means black slave, and I
had to sleep with the cows," he said, adding that he was always fed
leftovers from the master's table. Widespread
Gang-Rape of Boy Slaves Maria Sliwa, Freedom Now World At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 11
September 2011] www.dankalia.com/archive/2002/020716.htm [accessed 18
February 2018] During a recent
fact finding trip to Southern Sudan, Freedom Now World News discovered
overwhelming evidence that young black, boy slaves are repeatedly gang-raped
by their Arab masters. While previous reports on slavery have focused mainly
on the gang-rape of female slaves, sociologist and investigative reporter,
Maria Sliwa received testimony from numerous boy
victims of rape. Many of the
redeemed slaves told Sliwa that in order to avoid
rape, male slaves would try to escape but were hunted down like animals by
their masters. The punishment for resisting rape is often severe beatings,
death or limb amputation. Saudi Religious
Leader Calls for Slavery's Legalization Daniel Pipes, Lion's
Den, November 7, 2003 www.danielpipes.org/blog/2003/11/saudi-religious-leader-calls-for-slaverys [accessed 25
December 2010] Muslims, in
contrast, still think the old way. Slavery still exists in a host of
majority-Muslim countries (especially The challenge ahead
is clear: Muslims must emulate their fellow monotheists by modernizing their
religion with regard to slavery, interest and much else. No more fighting
jihad to impose Muslim rule. No more endorsement of suicide terrorism. No
more second-class citizenship for non-Muslims. ***
ARCHIVES *** 2020 Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices: Sudan U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, 30 March 2021 www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/sudan/
[accessed 12 July
2021] PROHIBITION OF
FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR The most common
labor violations occurred in the farming and pastoral sectors. There were
reports some children were engaged in forced labor, especially in the
informal mining sector. Some domestic workers were reported to be working
without pay. Female refugees were especially prone to labor violations. PROHIBITION OF CHILD
LABOR AND MINIMUM AGE FOR EMPLOYMENT Despite
regulations, child labor persists in agriculture, mining, and informal
sectors. Child labor was most common in the agricultural sector and also in
other elements of the informal sector, including shoe shining, car washing,
collecting medical and other resalable waste, street vending, begging,
construction, and other menial labor. Children working in the informal sector
were vulnerable to chronic illnesses and car accidents. The ILO monitored
forced child labor in gold mining. UNICEF received unverified reports
revealing the dangerous conditions under which children were working in gold
mining, including requirements to carry heavy loads and to work at night and
within confined spaces and exposure to mercury and high temperatures. There
were reports that children as young as age 10 were used in artisanal gold
mining throughout the country. According to multiple reputable sources,
thousands of children worked in artisanal gold mining, particularly in River
Nile, Blue Nile, West Darfur, and North Darfur States, resulting in large
numbers of students dropping out of school. There were reports
of the use of child soldiers by the SPLM-N, but numbers were difficult to
verify (see section 1.g.). Freedom House
Country Reports 2020 Edition freedomhouse.org/country/sudan/freedom-world/2020 [accessed 6 May 2020] G4. DO INDIVIDUALS
ENJOY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND FREEDOM FROM ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION? Migrants, refugees,
and asylum seekers who travel to and through Sudan remain vulnerable to
criminal networks engaged in human trafficking and smuggling. Sudanese children
abducted for fighting and sex-UN Reuters, www.reuters.com/article/idUSL0817452320070608 [accessed 26
December 2010] Children in Activists
‘Outraged’ over Upgrading Status of Hazel Trice Edney, National Newspaper Publishers Association, www.globalsecurity.org/org/news/2005/051026-sudan-status.htm [accessed 26
December 2010] “The government of Robert Spencer,
press release from the Sudan Campaign, 17 Oct 2005 www.jihadwatch.org/2005/10/us-governments-elevation-of-sudans-slavery-status-challenged [accessed 26
December 2010] A State Department
memorandum justifying the Presidential Determination, dated 21 September,
claims that the Government of Sudan has made "significant efforts"
to bring itself into compliance with U.S. anti-trafficking legislation. The
head of the State Department's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking
(TIP), Ambassador John Miller, reported on September 27 that Sudan and five
other countries had taken "real steps" to combat slavery,
including: Establishing new police
anti-trafficking units, arresting and charging traffickers, passing
anti-trafficking laws, opening victims shelters, holding bilateral meetings
to establish anti-trafficking cooperation, and establishing victims hotlines. Neither the TIP
office, nor the Sudanese government, however, has been able to provide
details of such alleged measures. A Hero in Hell.
Former Drug Dealer Frees Abducted Child Soldiers in Maria Sliwa, Assist News Service ANS, Nimule, ithinkimafundamentalist.blogspot.com/2005/10/this-guy-is-just-asking-to-have-movie.html [accessed 2 January
2011] In March of this
year, a band of these small predators attacked a group of women who were
collecting firewood near the border of The children of the
LRA perform these acts at the bidding of their adult counterparts and make up
about 80 percent of the rebel group, according to the United Nations. The LRA
has kidnapped more than 20,000 children since 1988 and today its captives
constitute the largest army of child soldiers in For Robyn Dixon, articles.latimes.com/2005/mar/29/world/fg-slavery29 [accessed 4
September 2012] The map of Majok’s
life is carved on his body in scars. They trace the vicious beatings, his
castration, the time he was left hanging by a rope around his neck. But grief
and trauma have erased nearly every other scrap of his boyhood story. Child Camel Jockeys
Find Hope Lucy Williamson, BBC
News, newswww.bbc.net.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4236123.stm [accessed 26
December 2010] Children from
Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sudan are still being smuggled to the United Arab
Emirates to work as camel jockeys, despite a law passed two years ago banning
their use. It is not uncommon for
child jockeys to fall off and be injured while racing, and their illegal
status means race track owners are often reluctant to take them to hospital. Instead, says Ansar
Burney, the boys often arrive with broken hands or broken legs. And many, he
says, have been sodomized. Refugee From Maria Lenis, The
Daily Pennsylvanian, 2 March 2005 www.thedp.com/article/2005/03/refugee_from_sudan_tells_of_enslavement#comment25363 [accessed 26 June
2013] Deng was given as a
gift to an Arab family, and he had no chance of trying to escape in a
predominantly Arab town. "We were
treated like animals," Deng said. Nobody is paying
attention Susan Chaityn Lebovits, The Boston
Globe, 20 August 2007 www.boston.com/yourlife/articles/2007/08/20/nobody_is_paying_attention/?page=1 [accessed 21 August
2014] sclboston.com/2007/08/20/nobody-is-paying-attention [accessed 6 May
2020] Slavery isn't a
problem of the past. It's happening today, in our own backyard, and few
people are aware of it. Abuk Macamangui Bak was 12 years old
when insurgents attacked her village in Sudan. She remembers the homes going
up in flames and her brothers and sisters scattering in different directions.
Abuk held her grandfather's hand as they ran;
within moments he was shot and killed. Her voice shakes as she recounts the
image. Abuk was taken to a
village in northern Sudan and sold as a slave to an Arabic family. She
remained a captive for a decade and endured frequent beatings -- once, she
said, because one of the cows she had taken to pasture ran off. Sudanese plead for Tatiana Zarnowski, The Sentinel, 17 February 2005 www.cumberlink.com/articles/2005/02/17/news/news04.txt [access date
unavailable] cumberlink.com/news/sudanese-plead-for-u-s-help/article_3bcf60cb-b428-5eab-aec5-d5f2fe709f0c.html [accessed 25
February 2019] Abuk Bak was 10 when the Arab militia came for the farm
animals her family raised. They
attacked her village in southern Black Sudanese
Slaves Liberated CSI Urges UN Security Council to Emancipate Slaves and
Impose Oil & Arms Embargo www.upi.com/Top_News/2004/11/18/191-Sudanese-slaves-freed/UPI-68931100798894/ [accessed 21 August
2014] The 191 freed
slaves, mainly women and children, had been captured during Sudanese
government-sponsored raids against Black African villages in Slave interviews
confirm a pattern of severe physical and psychological abuse. Freed female
slaves claimed to have been raped and subjected to genital mutilation (FGM).
Some freed boy slaves also reported having been raped by masters. Sudanese Slave
'Crucified' by his Master Not Unusual in Central African Nation Michael Ireland,
Chief Correspondent, ASSIST News Service ANS, www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2004/s04110038.htm [accessed 26
December 2010] www.genderberg.com/phpNuke/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=60 [accessed 18
February 2018] "After
brutally beating Joseph on the head and all over his body, the master laid
him out on a wooden plank. He then nailed Joseph to the plank by driving
nine-inch nails through his hands, knees and feet. He then poured acid on
Joseph's legs to inflict even greater pain, and finally left him for
dead." Genevieve Butler, AlertNet, www.mail-archive.com/ugandanet@kym.net/msg16344.html [accessed 26
December 2010] The Lord's
Resistance Army (LRA), a rebel group and religious sect, has been terrorising northern Mende Nazer: Fighting for Asylum Tekla Szymanski,
Associate Editor, World Press Review (VOL. 50, No. 01), January 2003 www.worldpress.org/Africa/856.cfm [accessed 26
December 2010] The United Nations
estimates that up to 15,000 Sudanese, primarily in southern Slavery in B.A. Robinson,
Religious Tolerance, 5 August 1998 www.religioustolerance.org/sla_sud.htm [accessed 26
December 2010] OVERVIEW OF THE Some marauding,
government-backed militias, who are mainly from the Baggara
tribe in western Because of the
civil war, tribal animosities in the south have been aggravated. An ancient
tribal practice has once more become common: women and children are being
abducted by rival tribes. The victims are kidnapped and held until their
relatives can scrape up enough ransom money to buy them back. The Sudan
Foundation, a non-Muslim group, claims that "Outside those areas
controlled by the Sudanese Government, the old practice of inter-tribal
feuding continues. In these raids prisoners are taken, who must then be
ransomed. What looks like the purchase of slaves is actually the redemption
of prisoners of war." The Sudan Peoples Liberation Army (SPLA), which is fighting the
Sudanese government, has raided villagers and forced men and children to work
as laborers or porters for the rebel army. Some have been forcibly
conscripted into the army. The Lucian Niemeyer, LNS
Art, www.lnsart.com/Sudan%20Slave%20Story.htm [accessed 26 December
2010] Two million people
have died in the conflict, mostly civilians. In the center of this carnage a
huge slave trade is going on. Civilians, mostly women and children, with
their husbands slain have little ability to resist and are being sold into
slavery to the northern Sudan Muslims and the eastern emirates. The Peace FAQ:
Slavery, Slaves - Frequently Asked Questions Prof. Walid Phares, before the www.peacefaq.com/slavery.html#arethe [accessed 26
December 2010] ARE THE ARABS STILL
BUYING AND SELLING AFRICANS? - Religious
persecution of Christians in the Hundreds of slaves
freed in Sudan World Net Daily WND,
April 02, 2004 www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=37853 [accessed 26
December 2010] Over the past three
weeks, the organization says, 503 slaves, mainly women and children, were
gathered from government-run camps in northern Human Security in Report was by Mr.
John Harker for the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/E2-198-2000E.pdf [accessed 26
December 2010] www.ecosonline.org/reports/2000/Human%20Security%20in%20Sudan.pdf [accessed 18
February 2018] HUMAN SECURITY IN
SUDAN: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION - On October 26, 1999,
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lloyd Axworthy and the
Minister for International Co-operation, Maria Minna, announced several
Canadian initiatives to bolster international efforts backing a negotiated
settlement to the 43-year civil war in MANDATE - a) independently
investigate human rights violations, specifically in reference to allegations
of slavery and slavery-like practices in HUMAN RIGHTS AND
SLAVERY
- Leonardo Franco expressed the view that "the war and the pernicious
strategies employed had also revived and exacerbated the problems of slavery
in the Sudan", and was concerned about the plight of internally
displaced persons, evidence that the war was being conducted in disregard of
the principles of human rights, and the GOS bore the largest share of
responsibility for violations. Mike Dottridge, Director of Anti-Slavery, the world's oldest
international human rights campaign, said in an appeal to Sudanese President
Bashir early in 1999 that "the reality is that people being abducted
from communities in northern Bahr al-Ghazal by government-backed militias are
being exploited as slaves in the households of militiamen and others." 56 Boy Slaves Freed
from Cattle Camps Press Release from
Christian Solidarity International CSI, Abyei Mou (Sudan), Nairobi, May 3, 2004 www.jihadwatch.org/2004/05/sudan-56-boy-slaves-freed-from-cattle-camps [accessed 26
December 2010] www.hudson.org/research/4720-sudan-56-boy-slaves-freed-from-cattle-camps [accessed 18 June
2017] 56 boy slaves were
liberated at the end of April from the cattle camps of Arab nomads in the
borderlands between northern and southern Upon releasing the
slaves, the head of the Baggara cattle camps
between the Bahr el Arab and President Bush
Urged to Help Free Sudanese Slaves Now; Conditions Ripe for Mass Exodus of
Slaves PRNewswire, www.thefreelibrary.com/President+Bush+Urged+to+Help+Free+Sudanese+Slaves+Now;+Conditions...-a0102445847 [accessed 26
December 2010] Since 1995, CSI has
facilitated the liberation and return of slaves through an 'Underground
Railway' based on local Arab-Black African peace agreements. Over 6,000 women
and children have returned to their homes through this mechanism in the first
half of this year. However, tens of thousands of women and children remain
enslaved, according to community leaders in both Northern and My life as a
modern-day slave Joseph Winter, BBC
News Online, 26 January 2004 news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2004/jan/26/0248.html [accessed 26
December 2010] [accessed 28
September 2016] She was just 12
when one night her village was targeted by Arab slave raiders, who snatched
her away from her loving family to be a slave in far away
Khartoum. The story of her capture and
life in servitude, published in her book Slave, reads like something from the
Middle Ages but it happened in the early 1990s and she says this is still the
lot of many young girls from southern Sudan's Slaves Michael Coren, Sun Media, 11/25/2003 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 11
September 2011] Women and children
abducted in slave raids are roped by the neck or strapped to animals and then
marched north. Along the way, many women and girls are repeatedly gang-raped.
Children who will not be silent are shot on the spot. In the north, slaves
are either kept by individual militia soldiers or sold in markets. Boys work
as livestock herders, forced to sleep with the animals they care for. "Some who try
to escape have their Achilles tendons cut to hamper their ability to run.
Masters typically use women and girls as domestics and concubines, cleaning
by day and serving the master sexually by night. Survivors report being
called "Abeed" (black slave), enduring
daily beatings, and receiving awful food. Masters also strip slaves of their
religious and cultural identities, giving them Arabic names and forcing them
to pray as Muslims." Dollars and sense Mike Dottridge, Director of Anti-Slavery International, New
Internationalist 337 August 2001 www.newint.org/features/2001/08/05/dollars/ [accessed 26
December 2010] This vast African
nation has become known increasingly for its civil war and human-rights
abuses – particularly slavery. Thousands of women and children have been
abducted from the South and enslaved in the North. For the past 15 years, in
the midst of civil war, one particular conflict zone, Jihad Slavery: An
Ugly Living Legacy Alyssa A. Lappen, Front Page Magazine, 17 October 2003 archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=15863 [accessed 21 August
2014] www.alyssaalappen.org/2003/10/17/jihad-slavery-an-ugly-living-legacy/ [accessed 6 May
2020] The cruelty that
Francis Bok experienced at age seven defies civilized human conception. Today, Francis Bok
is not only free. He has educated himself. And he has fulfilled his father’s
dreams. He is like twelve men. He speaks for the enslaved Dinka masses, still
suffering Islamic razzias in Lucian Niemeyer,
"Africa, The Holocausts of www.lnsart.com/Sudan%20Oilfields.htm [accessed 26
December 2010] There is a killing
place in Africa called the oilfields of the Thousands of slaves
in Sudan BBC News, 28 May
2003 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2942964.stm [accessed 26
December 2010] More than 11,000
people have been abducted in 20 years of slave-raiding in Dying to Leave Thirteen, www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/dying-to-leave/human-trafficking-worldwide/sudan/1460/ [accessed 26
December 2010] www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/uncategorized/human-trafficking-worldwide-sudan/1460/ [accessed 18
February 2018] VICTIMS - Though frequent
reports by former slaves indicate that raiders routinely shoot male
villagers, others indicate that men are instead often used as soldiers or
laborers by government or rebel forces. Women and children are the most
frequent victims, used for domestic labor, sex, or as soldiers. Ages range
from toddlers to women in their mid-30s. Most are subjected to some form of
physical or sexual abuse. In SLAVERY IN Charles Jacobs, President
of the American Anti-Slavery Group, At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 11
September 2011] An instructive case
is Slavery and Slave
Redemption in the Sudan Human Rights Watch
Backgrounder, March 2002 www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/africa/sudanupdate.htm [accessed 26
December 2010] Human Rights Watch
has long denounced slavery in War and Slavery in
Sudan Jok Madut
Jok, www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/13478.html [accessed 26
December 2010] Jok emphasizes that
the contemporary practice of slavery in For Arab traders "the
nation of the blacks," or Bilad Al-Sudan, has
traditionally been the source of slaves. When the slave trade developed into
corporate enterprise in the nineteenth century, the slave-takers articulated
distinctions based on race, ethnicity, and religion that marked the black,
infidel southerners as indisputably inferior and therefore
"natural" slaves. Such distinctions have survived for decades and
have fueled various forms of oppression of the black south, even during those
periods when slavery has not been authorized by the government. When it is
authorized, as it is today, slavery then becomes the extreme form of this
systemic oppression. Slavery In New http://www.africansudanesesociety.freehomepage.com/custom4.html [accessed 26
December 2010] www.thefileroom.org/documents/dyn/DisplayCase.cfm/id/190 [accessed 18
February 2018] MODERN DAY SLAVERY - Modern day
slavery first emerged with the support of the government of Sudan during the
time Sadiq el Mahdi was Prime Minister of Sudan,
1986-1989. The complicity of the Government of Sudan (GOS) in encouraging the
murahileen Arab militia were first documented by 2 DESCRIPTION OF
INCIDENT
- In 1987, Dr.Ushari Mahmoud co-authored an
independent investigation into a massacre in the Sudanese town of Slavery in Joe Madison, NewsMax, Feb. 13, 2001 nyc.indymedia.org/media/text/human_righ2b1mu2.txt [accessed 26 June
2013] A 13-year-old boy, Yak Kenyang
Adeiu, had all his fingers cut off by his slave
master. Mawien Aher Bol had his finger cut off
by his master because he lost a goat. Angot Wol Angra was attacked by her
master's brother with a knife when she lost a goat. Arek Kiir had her throat cut and her chest burned because she
refused to give up her infant to a slave master. Agom Bol Akuei and her children were
forced to carry a heavy load of salt, looted by slave traders. She collapsed
under the weight, and the load of salt crushed her jaw. She received no
medical attention. Garang Deng Yel and Athian Athian Athian had their arms
chopped off with an ax by slave owners when they went north to try to rescue
their enslaved wives and children. A woman who walked with a severe limp recounted
to me how she had been gang-raped by her master and 10 others. When she
resisted, the men violently forced her legs apart, dislocating one of her
hips from the joint. Is there Slavery in
Anti-Slavery
International, March 2001 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 11
September 2011] 3. INFORMATION GIVEN
TO ANTI-SLAVERY'S REPRESENTATIVES BY INDIVIDUALS WITH PERSONAL EXPERIENCE OF
ABDUCTION 3.1 GABRIEL MUONG
DENG, A YOUNG MAN INTERVIEWED IN AD-DHA'EIN 58. I am from Warawar [possibly Wedweil],
near Marial Bai (in 3.2 TESTIMONY OF BOL
MANYUAT BOL, A YOUNG MAN INTERVIEWED IN 65. At the time of
my abduction I was living in Akwat Ajok village in 3.3 TESTIMONY OF
AHOK AKOK, A WOMAN INTERVIEWED AT 71. Our family was
captured about six years ago [i.e. about 1994] when we were already fleeing
north and had crossed into the North into Kordofan.
I was captured with my son, Akai, and my two daughters, this one called Abuk [present at the interview], who was about eight at
the time, and a younger one, about two. We were taken by a tribe called Humr [ie, Misseriya
Humr], who split the three of us up. The man who
took me subsequently sold me on to some other nomads to look after cattle,
for about 130 Sudanese Pounds. I had to look after their cows and spent about
six years with them before I managed to escape to Makaringa
village. 3.4 TESTIMONY OF
MAYEL DENG MAJOK, A YOUNG MAN INTERVIEWED IN NYALA 74. I am from Ajuang near Aweil. I am about 16 years old now. I used to
look after cattle for my aunt. One day about two or three years ago some
raiders came, about 30 of them on horses. They caught me near where I had
been sitting with some boys under a tree. Six of us had our wrists tied and
were put in a horse-drawn cart. One of the other boys was called Makuch. Later on the same day three women were captured
as well. We all had to go with the horsemen, sometimes riding, sometimes
walking, for about six days, until we got to Sidam
village, where the nine of us were split up. A man called Al-Fadhl took me to his house in Ferdos
(a village near Ad-Dha'ein) by horse. He had five
relatives there. During the wet season I had to dig the ground, and in the
dry season look after goats. I learnt to speak Arabic from the others. I
slept in the house with the others, collected water from a deep well, which I
carried on a donkey back to the household, but generally had to eat by
myself. U.N. Fails to
Censure United Press
International UPI, archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/4/20/165110.shtml [accessed 26
December 2010] The United Nations'
top human rights body adopted a resolution Friday citing Anti-Slavery Anti-Slavery
International, 2 November 2000 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 11
September 2011] There have been
reports from Slavery in the
Sudan - A briefing by John Eibner Middle East Forum
briefing by John Eibner, Assistant to the International President of the
Geneva-based Christian Solidarity International (CSI), November 7, 2000 www.meforum.org/182/slavery-in-the-sudan [accessed 26
December 2010] In SLAVERY IN THE NAME
OF JIHAD
- One finds slavery and quasi-slavery practices around the world, yet what
makes slavery unique in Buying the freedom
of slaves in Sudan Cable News Network
CNN, At one time this article
had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 11
September 2011] A global charity is
fighting the internationally condemned slave trade in The U.N. Finds
Slavery in the David Littman,
Representative of the World Federalist Movement to the United Nations Office
in Geneva, Middle East Quarterly, September 1996, pp. 91-94 www.meforum.org/319/the-un-finds-slavery-in-the-sudan [accessed 26
December 2010] INTRODUCTION BY DAVID
LITTMAN
- A military regime espousing a fundamentalist Islamic orientation came to
power in the Dr. Ushari Mahmoud's "Al Daein
Massacre-Slavery Human Rights
Watch/Africa Watch, ' www.thefileroom.org/documents/dyn/DisplayCase.cfm/id/190 [accessed 26
December 2010] [accessed 28
September 2016] DESCRIPTION OF
INCIDENT
- Dr. Ushari was detained shortly after the coup
(June 30, 1989). In a letter to President Jimmy Carter, written from Shalla Prison in Daufur dated
April 5, 1990, he wrote: 'I have been recently transferred to this prison
after nine months of detention at Kobar prison in Concluding
Observations Of The Committee On The Rights Of The Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 4 October 2002 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/sudan2002.html [accessed 25
December 2010] [61] The Committee
welcomes the work of the Committee for the Eradication of Abduction of Women
and Children. However, it remains concerned that the State party's
legislation does not adequately prohibit slavery or sanction those engaged in
it and that thousands of children have been abducted and enslaved in the
context of the armed conflict as well as for commercial gain (i.e. sold as
servants, agricultural laborers and concubines, or forcibly recruited as
soldiers). Human Rights
Overview Human Rights Watch [accessed 26
December 2010] ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** Freedom House
Country Report 2018 Edition freedomhouse.org/country/sudan/freedom-world/2018 [accessed 6 May 2020] G4. DO INDIVIDUALS
ENJOY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND FREEDOM FROM ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION? Economic
mismanagement by the government and the concentration of wealth in the hands
of a military, religious, and business elite linked to the NCP have deprived
ordinary Sudanese of economic opportunity and condemned them to poverty. According to the
U.S. Department of State, Sudan is failing to take adequate steps to
eliminate the trafficking of persons and denies the existence of sex
trafficking of women and children. Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61594.htm [accessed 11
February 2020] TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS
– There were no informed estimates on the extent of trafficking, either for
jockeys or for sexual exploitation. There were credible reports that tribal
leaders with government connections transported children to the There were credible
reports that intertribal abductions of women and children continued in the
South. Victims frequently became part of the new tribal family, with most
women marrying into the new tribe; however, some victims were used for labor
or sexual purposes. As intertribal fighting in the South decreased, the
number of abductions also appeared to decline. The government acknowledged
that abductions occurred and that abductees were sometimes forced into
domestic servitude and sexual exploitation. The CEAWC and its 22 joint tribal
committees investigated abduction cases and sought to facilitate the safe
return of victims. CEAWC did not pursue legal action against abductors. CEAWC
reported that since 1999, 1,354 abductees were reunited with their families.
Credible sources noted that some of the CEAWC-facilitated reunions were
forced repatriations of persons over age 18 against the wishes of the abductees.
During the past 20
years, the LRA kidnapped more than 20 thousand Ugandan children, took them
back to the southern part of the country, and forced them to become sex
slaves, pack animals, or soldiers. Many of the victims were killed. The LRA
also abducted citizens while raiding towns in the South. According to SPLM/A
officials, on November 21, suspected LRA rebels abducted 11 people in All
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