Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery Poverty drives the unsuspecting poor into the
hands of traffickers Published reports & articles
from 2000 to 2025 gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Peru.htm
Peru is a source,
transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for
the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. The majority
of human trafficking occurs within the country. The ILO and IOM estimate that
more than 20,000 persons are trafficked into conditions of forced labor
within Peru, mainly in the mining and logging sectors, agriculture, and
brick-making sectors, and as domestic servants. Many trafficking victims are
women and girls from impoverished rural regions of the Amazon, recruited and
coerced into prostitution in urban nightclubs, bars, and brothels, often
through false employment offers or promises of education. Indigenous persons
are particularly vulnerable to being subjected to debt bondage by Amazon
landowners. Forced child labor remains a problem, particularly in informal
gold mines and coca production. - U.S.
State Dept Trafficking in Persons Report, June,
2009 Check out a later country report here and possibly a full TIP Report here |
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CAUTION: The following
links have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation in Peru. Some of these links may lead to websites
that present allegations that are unsubstantiated or even false. No attempt has been made to validate their
authenticity or to verify their content. HOW TO USE THIS WEB-PAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of Human Trafficking are of
particular interest to you. Would you
like to write about Forced-Labor? Debt
Bondage? Prostitution? Forced Begging? Child Soldiers? Sale of Organs? etc. On the other
hand, you might choose to include precursors of trafficking such as poverty and hunger. There is a lot to
the subject of Trafficking. Scan other
countries as well. Draw comparisons
between activity in adjacent countries and/or regions. Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. HELP for Victims Ministry of Interior ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Report: Associated Press AP,
www.pixies-place.com/forums/showthread.php?t=24929 [accessed 18 July
2013] "The ties
between Japan and Peru are larger for historical reasons, for migratory
reasons, for all kinds of reasons, than they are between Colombia and Japan.
And it's our position right now in the preliminary study that there are many
more victims here," he told The Associated Press. He said a typical
trafficking scenario is that of Irene Oblitas, a Peruvian who told her story
last year to her country's media. She said that in 1998 she boarded a plane
with three Japanese businessmen who had promised her a job in a plastics factory. When she arrived
she was raped by all three men and sold to a Yakuza organized crime boss, who
branded her across the chest with a 6-inch (15-centimeter) rose tattoo. He
forced her to provide sexual services to up to 40 clients a day, she said. The Fight Against
Human Trafficking In Peru Samantha
Rodriguez-Silva, The Borgen Project, 25 November
2020 borgenproject.org/human-trafficking-in-peru/ [accessed 3 March
2021] Traffickers exploit
adolescents due to their eagerness to work. When Peruvian schools close down
from December to February for the holidays, many students seek employment to
obtain extra pocket money. However, traffickers lure these individuals in
with false promises of work and high financial compensation. Exploiters take
the adolescent males to remote areas of the Amazon rainforest, like the Madre
de Dios region, to engage in forced labor in the illegal extraction of gold.
Additionally, traffickers obligate female teenagers to offer sex services to
the adult miners in the area. ***
ARCHIVES *** 2020 Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices: Peru U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, 30 March 2021 www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/peru/
[accessed 21 June
2021] PROHIBITION OF
FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR Forced labor crimes
continued to occur in domestic service, agriculture, forestry, mining and
related services, factories, counterfeit operations, brick making, and
organized street begging. Illegal logging, which had a devastating impact on
the landscape and the environment, affected many indigenous communities who
found themselves trapped in forced labor. The narcoterrorist
organization Shining Path used force and coercion to recruit children to
serve as combatants or guards. Shining Path also used force and coercion to
subject children and adults to forced labor in agriculture, cultivating or
transporting illicit narcotics, and domestic servitude, as well as to carry
out terrorist activities. PROHIBITION OF CHILD
LABOR AND MINIMUM AGE FOR EMPLOYMENT A government report
found the prevalence of child labor was 22 percent in 2018; however, 59
percent of households in extreme poverty had a child laborer. In addition
there were four times more child laborers in rural areas than in urban areas.
Among the population of working children, 57 percent worked in agriculture
and 21 percent worked in small-scale or street retail. Freedom House
Country Report 2020 Edition freedomhouse.org/country/peru/freedom-world/2020 [accessed 8 July
2020] G4. DO INDIVIDUALS
ENJOY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND FREEDOM FROM ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION? Peruvian women and
girls—especially from the indigenous community—fall victim to sex
trafficking. Men, women, and children are subject to forced labor in mines
and the informal economy. According to the US State Department’s 2019
Trafficking in Persons Report, the government of Peru does not meet the
minimum standard for the elimination of trafficking, but has demonstrated significant
efforts to ameliorate the problem, including convicting a higher number of
people involved in human trafficking. 2017 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2018 www.dol.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ilab/ChildLaborReport_Book.pdf [accessed 22 April
2019] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 811] Children in Peru
work in informal and small-scale mining, particularly for gold, sometimes in
situations of forced labor, and are exposed to hazards, including wall and
mine collapses, landslides, explosives accidents, and exposure to mercury and
harmful gases. Children are also subjected to commercial sexual exploitation
as a result of human trafficking near mining areas. (2; 9; 19; 3; 18; 30; 5;
31) Remnants of the Shining Path terrorist group use children in combat,
domestic servitude, and drug trafficking. (3; 4). IDB launches
campaign against human trafficking in Peru - Hotline 0800-2-3232 Inter-American
Development Bank News Release, May 23, 2006 www.iadb.org/news/detail.cfm?language=English&ARTID=3088&id=3088 [accessed 16
December 2010] [accessed 11
February 2018] The Peruvian
hotline, 0800-2-3232, is a free
and confidential service that provides information to victims of human
trafficking and channels complaints to the anti-trafficking arm of the
National Police. A similar project targeting only women in Perú in 2005
logged over 7,000 calls in 10 months and resulted in 220 cases of charges
related to human trafficking. Peruvian Nanny
Exploited In Shocking ICE Case KTVU News, www.ktvu.com/news/18012707/detail.html [accessed 16
December 2010] www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Woman-indicted-for-allegedly-exploiting-nanny-3184255.php [accessed 11
February 2018] Agent Welsh and ICE
officials won't speak specifically about Dann's case, but the complaint
alleges that in July 2006, Dann brought Zoraida Pena-Canal from Peru to Walnut Creek under a
three-month visitor's visa. Investigators
say Dann promised Pena she'd live in a big house with a private bathroom and
would be paid up to $600 a month to care for Dann's three young boys. Instead, ICE says Pena became a virtual
prisoner for almost two years. Dann,
her children and Pena shared a two-bedroom apartment. Investigators say Pena
was forced to sleep on the living room floor while working from dawn to dusk
every day, cooking, cleaning and caring for the children. The complaint alleges Dann didn't pay Pena
a salary and actually charged her $15,000 for clothing and other expenses. Dann allegedly
confiscated Pena's passport and visa and physically and verbally abused the
nanny, threatening her with deportation if she talked to outsiders. The complaint
alleges Dann smashed Pena's radio and a television set, to prevent her from
listening to Spanish language programs that would, quote "put ideas in
her head." Investigators say Dann
told Pena: "When you come to the United States, you must
suffer." "They may not be
physically restrained, but they're told, 'You're here illegally,'" says
Special Agent Walsh. "They may not speak the language, they're told 'If
you cause problems or try to get away, I'll report you to immigration and
they'll put you in jail.'"
Investigators say Dann even rationed Pena's food, weighing the meat
she purchased and hiding fruit from Pena. Neighbors say Pena often appeared
daily in the same clothes. Slavery in Lily Céspedes, Latin
American Press, May 05, 2008 traffickingproject.blogspot.com/2008/05/slavery-in-peru.html [accessed 16
December 2010] www.traffickingproject.org/2008/05/slavery-in-peru.html [accessed 15 June
2017] According to the
report on the trafficking of women for sex trade in Peru, produced in 2005 by
the International Organization for Migration (IOM) along with Movimiento El
Pozo, eight of every 10 cases identified in Peru are related to domestic
trafficking. “There is a custom of
turning over or receiving children or youths whose parents can’t take care of
them, who fall, unfortunately, into the hands of human traffickers,” said
Tammy Quintanilla Zapata, director of Movimiento El Pozo. Putting children's
right of the local agenda - the experience of the Demuna model in Peru [BOOK] Save the Children www.crin.org/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=4047&flag=report [accessed 16
December 2010] [accessed 21
February 2019] A decade ago, Save
the Children Sweden in Peru launched a system of municipal defense centers
for children and adolescents, known as the Demunas. Today there are roughly 600 centers
functioning nationwide. Annual Report Of
Activities By The Anti-Trafficking In Persons Section Of The Organization Of
American States - April 2005 To March 2006 [DOC] SIXTH MEETING OF MINISTERS
OF JUSTICE OR OF MINISTERS OR ATTORNEYS GENERAL OF THE AMERICAS, April 2005
to March 2006, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 13 April 2006 scm.oas.org/doc_public/ENGLISH/HIST_06/MJ00334E08.DOC [accessed 7
September 2014] Four Child
Prostitution Rings Identified In Peru EFE News Service, 16
March 2004 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 10
September 2011] The NGO has
identified a child prostitution network in the jungle city of Save the Children
also denounced another gang that recruits minors and forces them to
prostitute themselves in residential neighborhood bars in Lima frequented by
mostly Asian sailors during their brief shore leaves from the neighboring
port of Callao. The investigation
detected similar criminal operations in the Andean cities of Cuzco, Puno and
Abancay. One criminal outfit
offers tour "packages" to domestic and foreign tourists in Iquitos
that include the sexual favors of a minor, according to the report. Bureau of
International Information Programs, iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2004/11/20041109125514cmretrop0.8842584.html#axzz3Ceikh97X [accessed 16
December 2010] [accessed 21
February 2019] The press release
says that the couple devised a scheme starting in 1999 to obtain phony visas
to get Peruvians into the United States illegally. They charged the would-be
immigrants a hefty sum for the trip. Then the couple threatened to turn their
victims over to authorities, keeping them in forced labor situations and
confiscating their wages. Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 28 January 2000 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/peru2000.html [accessed 16
December 2010] [7] The Committee
welcomes the State party's accession to the Hague Convention on the Protection
of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Inter-country Adoption ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61738.htm [accessed 10
February 2020] TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS
– Internal trafficking was a far greater problem. NGOs and international
organizations maintained that significant domestic trafficking occurred,
particularly to bring underage women from the Amazon district or the sierras
into the cities or into mining areas to work as prostitutes or to work in
homes as domestics. This trafficking took place through informal networks
that could involve boyfriends and even the families of the young women
victims. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/peru.htm [accessed 16
December 2010] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - There is internal trafficking of children for
commercial sexual exploitation and domestic service in Peru. CHILD
LABOR LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT - In 2004, new laws were enacted by the Government to
protect children from exploitation by adults, including trafficking in
persons and sexual exploitation. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt,
Prof. Martin, "Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery - |
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