Human Trafficking &
Modern-day Slavery Poverty drives the unsuspecting poor into the
hands of traffickers Published reports & articles from 2000 to 2025 gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Angola.htm
Angola is a country of origin for women and children
trafficked internally for the purpose of domestic servitude and young men
trafficked for the purpose of forced agricultural labor. Women and children,
primarily, are trafficked to South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Namibia, and Portugal. Young boys are trafficked to Namibia to herd
cattle. Children are also forced to act as couriers in cross-border trade
between Namibia and Angola as part of a scheme to skirt import fees.
Traffickers successfully targeted children and adults, usually women, from
poorer families, who enter into work agreements with relatives or contacts in
other cities or provinces that subsequently prove to be coerced and
exploitive. Unaccompanied migrant children are highly vulnerable to
trafficking; trafficking victims have been found among them. - U.S. State Dept
Trafficking in Persons Report, June, 2009 Check out a later
country report here or a full TIP Report here |
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CAUTION: The following
links have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEB-PAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of Human Trafficking are of
particular interest to you. Would you
like to write about Forced-Labor? Debt
Bondage? Prostitution? Forced Begging? Child Soldiers? Sale of Organs? etc. On the other
hand, you might choose to include possible precursors of trafficking such as poverty. There is a lot to the subject
of Trafficking. Scan other countries
as well. Draw comparisons between
activity in adjacent countries and/or regions. Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. HELP for Victims International
Organization for Migration ***
ARCHIVES *** 2020 Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices: angola U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, 30 March 2021 www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/angola/
[accessed 10 May
2021] PROHIBITION OF
FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR Forced labor of men and women occurred in fisheries, agriculture, construction, domestic service, and artisanal diamond-mining sectors, particularly in Lunda Norte and Lunda Sul provinces. Migrant workers were subject to seizure of passports, threats, denial of food, and confinement. Forced child labor occurred (see section 7.c). PROHIBITION OF CHILD
LABOR AND MINIMUM AGE FOR EMPLOYMENT Child labor
occurred in agriculture on family and commercial farms as well as in fishing,
brick making, artisanal diamond mining, charcoal production, domestic labor,
construction, and street vending. Exploitive labor practices included
involvement in the sale, transport, and offloading of goods in ports and
across border posts. Children were forced to work as couriers in the illegal
cross-border trade with Namibia. Adult criminals sometimes used children for
forced criminal activity, since the justice system prohibits youths younger
than 12 from being tried in court. Street
work by children was common, especially in the provinces of Luanda, Benguela, Huambo, Huila, and Kwanza Sul.
Investigators found children working in the streets of Luanda. Most of these
children shined shoes, washed cars, carried water and other goods, or engaged
in other informal labor, but some resorted to petty crime and begging.
Commercial sexual exploitation of children occurred as well (see section 6). The
incidence of child labor increased in the southern provinces due to a severe
drought. In Cunene province, children were forced to leave school and to work
as herders or to dig wells and fetch water. The drought and the accompanying
economic devastation increased the risk of exploitation of vulnerable persons
in the province; one NGO in Cunene said the drought led many boys to seek
work in urban areas and led girls to engage in prostitution. Freedom House
Country Report 2020 Edition freedomhouse.org/country/angola/freedom-world/2020 [accessed 7 July
2020] G4. DO INDIVIDUALS
ENJOY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND FREEDOM FROM ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION? Public oil revenues
are not equitably distributed or used to benefit the entire population. Rural
regions in particular have inadequate infrastructure and access to services,
leading to inequities in economic opportunity. Child labor is a
major problem, and foreign workers are vulnerable to sex trafficking and
forced labor in the construction and mining industries. The authorities have
failed to effectively investigate human trafficking or prosecute offenders. 2017 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child Labor,
Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor Affairs,
US Dept of Labor, 2018 www.dol.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ilab/ChildLaborReport_Book.pdf [accessed 15 April
2019] www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2017/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 22 April
2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 99] In 2017, the
government updated the list of hazardous activities and occupations
prohibited for children. (9) The legislation identifies 57 activities that
are prohibited for children; however, the types of hazardous work prohibited
for children do not include diamond mining, a sector in which there is
evidence of work conducted underground. (15) Laws related to
commercial sexual exploitation are not sufficient because using, procuring,
and offering a child for the production of pornography and pornographic
performances are not criminally prohibited. (16) The 2016 draft Penal Code,
which contains prohibitions on the commercial sexual exploitation of
children, remains before parliament for approval. (21; 9) Ending compulsory
education at age 12 leaves children ages 12 and 13 vulnerable to child labor
because they are not required to attend school, but also are not legally
permitted to work. (19; 20) In addition, this age conflicts with the National
Development Plan (2013–2017), which sets the compulsory education age at 14.
(22). Children as Weapons
of War Jo Becker, Human
Rights Watch World Report 2004 [accessed 19 January
2011] TRANSITIONING
CHILDREN OUT OF WAR
- In Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, November 3, 2004 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/angola2004.html [accessed 19 January
2011] [66] The Committee
is concerned about the extent of the problem of sexual exploitation of and
trafficking in children in the State party and notes that internally
displaced and street children are particularly vulnerable to such abuse. Human Rights
Overview Human Rights Watch [accessed 19 January
2011] ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** 2017 Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, 20 April 2018 www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2017/af/276967.htm
[accessed 12 March
2019] www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/angola/
[accessed 24 June
2019] PROHIBITION OF
FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR The government did
not effectively enforce the law due in part to an insufficient number of
inspectors. Penalties for violations are the same as those for trafficking in
persons, ranging from eight to 12 years in prison, and were insufficient to
deter violations, primarily due to lack of enforcement. Forced labor
occurred among men and women in agriculture, construction, domestic service,
and artisanal diamond-mining sectors, particularly in Lunda Norte and Lunda Sul Provinces. Migrant workers were subject to seizure of
passports, threats, denial of food, and confinement. PROHIBITION OF CHILD
LABOR AND MINIMUM AGE FOR EMPLOYMENT Generally, work
done by children was in the informal sector. Children engaged in economic
activities such as agricultural labor on family farms and commercial
plantations--particularly in orchards--as well as in fishing, brick making,
charcoal production, domestic labor, and street vending. Exploitive labor
practices included involvement in the sale, transport, and offloading of
goods in ports and across border posts. Children were reportedly forced to
act as couriers in the illegal cross-border trade with Namibia. Adult
criminals sometimes used children for forced criminal activity, since the
justice system prohibits youths under 12 from being tried in court. There
were no credible reports of the use of child labor and forced child labor in informal
diamond mining. Human
Rights Reports » 2006 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78718.htm [accessed 17 March
2020] TRAFFICKING IN
PERSONS
– The constitution and law prohibit slavery; however, there are no specific
laws against trafficking in persons. There were unconfirmed reports that
persons were trafficked from and within the country. The extent of
trafficking in persons was unknown, but was not believed to be significant.
During the year there were unconfirmed reports that a small number of
children were trafficked out of the country to Methods used by
traffickers to obtain and transport victims were unknown. The small number of
traffickers working in the country was not thought to be organized. The government
operated facilities throughout the country for abandoned and abducted
children; however, in many cases the facilities were underfunded,
understaffed, and overcrowded. A Catholic-affiliated center in Namacumbe, near the Namibian border, assisted victims of
trafficking to find and reintegrate with their families. The government
provided basic assistance to trafficking victims on an ad hoc basis,
especially in the capital. Local social welfare agencies provided basic
necessities. This type of program did not exist outside of The government
attempted to monitor its borders, but lacked resources to do so effectively.
Efforts by UNICEF, supported by the government, strengthened
immigration controls at airports and border checkpoints. Immigration services
at the international airport in The Department of
Labor’s 2004 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/angola.htm [accessed 19 January
2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Child trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation,
pornography, forced labor, sexual slavery, and other forms of exploitation are
reported to exist in the country. CURRENT
GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS TO ELIMINATE THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR - In 2004, the Government of Angola
concluded its national child registration campaign, which has documented 3.8
million children under the age of 18 years since August 2002. By providing children with accurate,
official age documentation, the government worked to stem the recruitment of
underage children by traffickers, and ensure underage children were not
admitted to the military. In addition, 45,000 orphans or children living
alone were reintegrated into family living situations. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt,
Prof. Martin, "Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery - |
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