C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Angola.htm
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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of
particular interest to you. You might
be interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and
how some succeed in leaving. Perhaps
your paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their
leaving. Other factors of interest
might be poverty, rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction,
hunger, neglect, etc. On the other
hand, you might choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults
who control this activity. There is a
lot to the subject of Child Prostitution.
Scan other countries as well as this one. Draw comparisons between activity in
adjacent countries and/or regions.
Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. HELP for Victims International
Organization for Migration ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Watchlist on Children and
Armed Conflict [PDF] Watchlist on Children and
Armed Conflict, Issue 2: Angola, April 25, 2002 www.watchlist.org/reports/pdf/angola.report.pdf [accessed 29 March
2011] [page 12] TRAFFICKING AND EXPLOITATION - Child trafficking, prostitution, pornography, forced labor, sexual slavery and other forms of exploitation are believed to be rampant in Angola, in part due to the war-caused break down of social structures and traditional security mechanisms. ECPAT estimates that 3,000 children under the age of 18 are involved in prostitution for their survival and thousands more are sold for sex on the streets of Luanda. ECPAT also reports that relatives and guardians have allegedly forced minors into prostitution, especially children from rural areas. Some night club owners reportedly allow under-age girls into clubs for sexual exploitation by clients. Cases of sexual exploitation of children by military groups and foreign men in Angola are allegedly on the rise. ***
ARCHIVES *** Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor,
March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/angola// [accessed 23 August
2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - All forms of prostitution, including child
prostitution, are illegal. Police did not actively enforce laws against
prostitution, and local NGOs expressed concern regarding the commercial
sexual exploitation of children, which remained a problem. The penal code,
approved by parliament in January, but yet to be published, prohibits the use
of children for the production of pornography. Sexual relations
between an adult and a child younger than 12 are considered rape, and
conviction carries a potential penalty of eight to 12 years’ imprisonment.
Sexual relations with a child between the ages of 12 and 17 are considered
sexual abuse, and convicted offenders may receive sentences from two to eight
years in prison. The legal age for consensual sex is 18. Limited
investigative resources and an inadequate judicial system prevented
prosecution of most cases. There were reports of prosecutions during the
year. 2018 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child Labor,
Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor Affairs,
US Dept of Labor, 2019 www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 22 August
2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 133] Undocumented
Congolese migrant children enter Angola for work in diamond-mining districts,
and some experience conditions of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation
in mining camps. (2,7) Girls as young as age 12 are trafficked from Kasai
Occidental in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Angola for forced labor
and commercial sexual exploitation.
Angolan boys are taken to Namibia and forced to herd cattle or work as
couriers to transport illicit goods. (2). Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, November 3, 2004 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/angola2004.html [accessed 19 January
2011] [66] The Committee
is concerned about the extent of the problem of sexual exploitation of and
trafficking in children in the State party and notes that internally
displaced and street children are particularly vulnerable to such abuse. Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action [DOC] ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Jenny Clover,
African Security Review Vol 11 No 3, 2002 www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10246029.2002.9627974?journalCode=rasr20#.UgkhvKyOAmg [accessed 12
Aug 2013] STREET
CHILDREN
- Separated from their families and unable to rely on kinship networks, they tend
to organize into smaller groups with an older child protecting younger
children, socially isolated in ghettoized buildings. Many are orphaned or
abandoned; some have left starving families or abusive environments. For
children, survival requires washing cars, carrying water, scavenging in
dustbins or prostituting themselves. Child Prostitutes
brought to SA Mandy Rossouw, Beeld, www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Child-prostitutes-brought-to-SA-20030219 [accessed 3 August
2011] Child prostitution
is flourishing in Children
of Conflict – Child Workers BBC World Service www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/features/childrensrights/childrenofconflict/work.shtml [accessed 29 March
2011] PROSTITUTION - Many children
have fled the conflict zones and now live in the coastal cities in
overcrowded slums. In the capital UNICEF:
DRAFT Consultancy
Report Prepared as a component of the UNICEF – ESARO & ANPPCAN Partnership Project on Sexual
Exploitation and Children’s Rights, October, 2001, www.unicef.org/events/yokohama/csec-east-southern-africa-draft.html#_Toc527979979 [accessed 19
September 2011] 6.14 Commitment: To have in place a National Plan on CSEC by the end of the year 2000. Status of National Plan: Has plan on CSEC
that was adopted in 1998. The plan requires actions to be taken in the
fields of prevention, protection and rehabilitation. ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** The Department of
Labor’s 2004 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/angola.htm [accessed 19 January
2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Many homeless girls are at high risk of sexual and
other forms of violence. Child trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation,
pornography, forced labor, sexual slavery, and other forms of exploitation
are reported. Children have been trafficked internally and also to Human
Rights Reports » 2006 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78718.htm [accessed 17 March
2020] CHILDREN
-
Child prostitution is illegal; however, there were unconfirmed reports of
child prostitution in All
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