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Child Prostitution The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years
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FEATURED ARTICLE *** HIV/AIDS and Child Labor In Zambia: A Rapid
Assessment on the case of the Lusaka, Copperbelt and Eastern Provinces International Labour Organization (ILO) /
International Labour Organization (ILO) , 2003 www.eldis.org/assets/Docs/13864.html [accessed 19 September 2011] PREVALENCE OF
COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION (CSE) among children aged 14 to 16 years was
common. Half of the 34 in-depth interviews were conducted with CSE victims.
Girls claimed they slept with as many as 4 men per night and their earnings
ranged between US$0.63 and US$2.10 per act. Condoms were rarely used. Boys
clients tended to be rich widows who paid in dollars Compere: Tony Jones & Reporter: Sally
Sara, Australian Broadcasting Corporation ABC LATELINE, 20/11/2002 www.abc.net.au/lateline/stories/s731441.htm [accessed 17 August 2011] In southern ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Global Monitoring Report on the
status of action against commercial exploitation of children - ZAMBIA [PDF] ECPAT International, 2007 www.ecpat.net/A4A_2005/PDF/AF/Global_Monitoring_Report-ZAMBIA.pdf [accessed 18 August 2011] Several studies
describe more girls in prostitution than boys, the
majority of prostituted girls are aged between 14 and 18. According to the
International Labour Organization (ILO), “prostitution has become rife in all
major towns and peri-urban areas”. In some cases,
children trade sex for beer or second-hand clothing, while boys may be paid
in dollars to sleep with rich widows in hotels. A number of reports
indicating that boys are also being exploited in commercial sex demand
further investigation and research. In a research study recently conducted by
Children in Need (CHIN) – the ECPAT group in Zambia – and ECPAT
International, a 15-year-old male respondent reported that boys on the street
were being picked up by local men and given money for sex. In addition to
being sexually exploited in bars and guest houses, children are forced into
sexual acts with teachers and school authorities in exchange for better
grades or for lenient corporal punishment (although outlawed, corporal
punishment is still practiced in most government schools). Traditional beliefs and practices also
contribute to child prostitution. For instance, some perpetrators seek
younger children based on the belief that sex with virgins or a young child
can cure them of HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, sexual abuse of children by adult
males is often justified or condoned, and the girl and her parents are often
blamed if she is raped or prostituted. Prostituted girls are stigmatised, but not the men who exploit them. Children
are also exploited through early marriages, whereby parents offer their
daughters for marriage in return for a bride price, or ‘lobola’,
in order to reduce the burden of an extra child to feed and educate. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/zambia.htm [accessed 17 January 2011] INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Street children are especially vulnerable to
commercial sexual exploitation, and the problem of child prostitution is
widespread in Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61599.htm [accessed 17 January 2011] CHILDREN
-
There are laws that criminalize child prostitution; however, the law was not enforced
effectively, and child prostitution was widespread. The presence of an
estimated 30 thousand street children in Trafficking of
children for sexual exploitation occurred. During the year the
government continued implementation of a strategy to provide shelter and
protection to street children, including prostitutes. The Ministry of Labor
reported that the majority of the five thousand children removed from child
labor during the year were street children. Concluding Observations of the Committee on
the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 6
June 2003 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/zambia2003.html [accessed 9 March 2011] [64] The Committee
is concerned about the large and increasing number of child victims of commercial
sexual exploitation, including for prostitution and pornography, especially
among girls, child orphans and other disadvantaged children. Concern is also expressed at the
insufficient programs for the physical and psychological recovery and social
reintegration of child victims of such abuse and exploitation. AIDS, Pregnancy and
Poverty Trap Ever More African Girls Sharon LaFraniere,
New York Times, Patrice Lumumba [accessed 18 August 2011] But for the last 25
years, the trends had been positive. African girls, like girls elsewhere,
were marrying later, and a growing percentage were in school. The AIDS epidemic now threatens to take
away those hard-won gains. Orphaned and impoverished by the deaths of
parents, girls here are being propelled into sex at shockingly early ages to
support themselves, their siblings and, all too often, their own children. In Zambia's
capital, Lusaka, impoverished relatives order some orphaned girls as young as
14 out on the street at night, telling them they must earn their keep, a
recent survey found. In Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action ECPAT International, November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13 September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – ZAMBIA - Increases in CSEC in Zambia have been attributed to
a number of factors, including poverty caused by an economic crisis,
HIV/AIDS, peer pressure, a desire for material wealth, and early marriage
leading to divorce. The growing number of families headed by children, the
result of HIV/AIDS, has meant that older children are turning to prostitution
in order to gain income for their siblings’ needs. Reports indicate that some
foreign nationals in Report by Special
Rapporteur [DOC] UN Economic and Social Council Commission
on Human Rights, Fifty-ninth session, 6 January 2003 www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/217511d4440fc9d6c1256cda003c3a00/$FILE/G0310090.doc [accessed 18 August 2011] [80] In HIV/AIDS and Child Labor In Zambia: A Rapid
Assessment on the case of the Lusaka, Copperbelt
and Eastern Provinces International Labour Organization (ILO) /
International Labour Organization (ILO) , 2003 www.eldis.org/assets/Docs/13864.html [accessed 19 September 2011] PREVALENCE
OF COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION (CSE) among children aged 14 to 16 years was
common. Half of the 34 in-depth interviews were conducted with CSE victims.
Girls claimed they slept with as many as 4 men per night and their earnings
ranged between US$0.63 and US$2.10 per act. Condoms were rarely used. Boys clients
tended to be rich widows who paid in dollars Compere: Tony Jones & Reporter: Sally
Sara, Australian Broadcasting Corporation ABC LATELINE, 20/11/2002 www.abc.net.au/lateline/stories/s731441.htm [accessed 17 August 2011] In southern Sex work rife among street children UN Integrated Regional Information Networks
IRIN PlusNews, www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=36024 [accessed 18 August 2011] Commercial sex work
has become increasingly common among children aged 14 to 16. When educated about the danger of HIV/AIDS,
they say that AIDS is something in the future and that their hunger is a more
real and pressing need. Japhet Banda, Times of allafrica.com/stories/200307140136.html [partially accessed 26 August 2011 - access
restricted] When Tomaida Tembo received news of her
impending trip to To make her
travelling easy, the distant cousin had sent enough money to cover her
travelling expenses and a lot more to help her mother settle down after her
departure. That was five years ago
since the morning Tomaida left the sanctuary of her
mother on a journey that changed her life forever. Wondering on the cold streets of Massive child labour in afrol News, 25 October
2002 -- Sources: ICFTU & afrol archives www.afrol.com/News2002/zam008_labour_report.htm [accessed 17 January 2011] Neither were
children safe from the perils of prostitution. The report states that
"there are reports of forced prostitution [in Zambia], particularly of
children, of the trafficking of women and children to neighbouring
countries for the purposes of prostitution, and of combatants from neighbouring Angola kidnapping Zambians and taking them back
to Angola to perform various forms of forced labour." - htcp The Protection Project - The www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/zambia.doc [accessed 2009] FACTORS THAT
CONTRIBUTE TO THE TRAFFICKING INFRASTRUCTURE - HIV/AIDS, coupled with poverty,
has contributed to the proliferation of street children and child labor in Worst Forms of Child Labour
Report 2005 - Zambia Global March Against Child Labour, 2005 beta.globalmarch.org/worstformsreport/world/zambia.html [accessed 13 September 2012] CHILD PROSTITUTION AND PORNOGRAPHY -
NATIONAL STATISTICS
- There are an estimated 70,000 child sex workers. (ECPAT Bulletin,
citing Observer, August 1996) All
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