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The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to 2025                                    gvnet.com/childprostitution/Somalia.htm

Somalia

Despite the lack of effective national governance, Somalia has maintained a healthy informal economy, largely based on livestock, remittance/money transfer companies, and telecommunications. Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock normally accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings. Nomads and semi-pastoralists, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. Livestock, hides, fish, charcoal, and bananas are Somalia's principal exports, while sugar, sorghum, corn, qat, and machined goods are the principal imports.  [The World Factbook, U.S.C.I.A. 2009]

Somalia

CAUTION:  The following links and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation in Somalia.  Some of these links may lead to websites that present allegations that are unsubstantiated, misleading or even false.   No attempt has been made to validate their authenticity or to verify their content.

HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE

Students

If you are looking for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of particular interest to you.  You might be interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and how some succeed in leaving.  Perhaps your paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their leaving.  Other factors of interest might be poverty, rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction, hunger, neglect, etc.  On the other hand, you might choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who control this activity.  There is a lot to the subject of Child Prostitution.  Scan other countries as well as this one.  Draw comparisons between activity in adjacent countries and/or regions.  Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources that are available on-line.

Teachers

Check out some of the Resources for Teachers attached to this website.

*** ARCHIVES ***

ECPAT Regional Overview: The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Africa [PDF]

ECPAT International, November 2014

www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Regional%20CSEC%20Overview_Africa.pdf

[accessed 7 September 2020]

Maps sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism (SECTT), online child sexual exploitation (OCSE), trafficking of children for sexual purposes, sexual exploitation of children through prostitution, and child early and forced marriage (CEFM). Other topics include gender inequality, armed conflicts, natural disasters, migration, and HIV/AIDS.

Human Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, March 10, 2020

www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/somalia/

[accessed 7 September 2020]

SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - The law does not expressly prohibit using, procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, pornography, or pornographic performances. Additionally, children exploited in prostitution are not protected from criminal charges under the law. There is no statutory rape law or minimum age for consensual sex. The law does not expressly prohibit child pornography. The law on sexual exploitation was rarely enforced, and such exploitation reportedly was frequent.

2018 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor

Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2019

www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf

[accessed 7 September 2020]

Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL Worst Forms of Child Labor

[page 1056]

The law does not expressly prohibit using, procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, pornography, or pornographic performances. Additionally, children exploited in prostitution are not protected from criminal charges under the law. There is no statutory rape law or minimum age for consensual sex. The law does not expressly prohibit child pornography. The law on sexual exploitation was rarely enforced, and such exploitation reportedly was frequent.

Laws related to the commercial sexual exploitation of children are not sufficient, because using, procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances are not criminally prohibited. (26)

The Penal Code requires extensive updating. Many fines in the Code equal less than $1, which does not serve as an effective deterrent. (26,33) Furthermore, it appears that under Article 405, children involved in prostitution would not be protected from criminal charges. (26)

Background

United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF

www.unicef.org/infobycountry/somalia_865.html

[accessed 20 July 2011]

ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS FOR CHILDREN - UNICEF and its partners have created an innovative network of child-protection advocates to aid vulnerable children in more than 75 communities. Action plans have been developed on issues like sexual abuse, female genital mutilation and child prostitution.

Backgrounder: Rights of the Child Backgrounder

[access information unavailable]

WHAT IS THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD? - The CRC has been ratified by 192 countries, making it the most universally accepted human rights instrument in history. Only the United States and Somalia have not ratified it.  WHY DO SOME COUNTRIES OPPOSE THE CONVENTION? - Somalia is currently unable to proceed to ratification because it has no recognized government. The political situation in Somalia is too unstable to be able to predict when that country might ratify the CRC.

 

*** EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE ***

 

The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor

U.S. Dept of Labor Bureau of International Labor Affairs, 2005

www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/somalia.htm

[accessed 23 December 2010]

INCIDENCE AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Children are conscripted by armed Somali militias and used for forced labor or sexual exploitation. Boys as young as 14 or 15 have participated in combat and many belong to gangs who raid indiscriminately. Trafficking networks exist that transport children to South Africa and promote their commercial sexual exploitation.  The Middle East and Europe are also trafficking destinations.

Human Rights Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, March 8, 2006

2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61592.htm

[accessed 11 February 2020]

CHILDREN - Child prostitution was practiced; however, because it is culturally proscribed and was not reported, there are no statistics on its prevalence.

ECPAT:  CSEC Overview – Somalia

www.ecpat.net/eng/ecpat_inter/Country/CSECOverview/Somalia.html

[Last access date unavailable]

Young Somalis are forced into commercial sex in Arab countries, sold by impoverished parents into Western Europe, and trafficked into neighboring Djibouti where French and international military presence sustains a large sex industry. Somali children have also become victims of child sex tourism in Kenya following their displacement during the Somali civil war. There is also a growing incidence of CSEC within the country, especially among internally displaced peoples (IDP) whose numbers have grown in the wake of Somalia’s civil strife.

All material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107 for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use.  PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT ARTICLES.  Cite this webpage as: Patt, Prof. Martin, "Child Prostitution - Somalia", http://gvnet.com/childprostitution/Somalia.htm, [accessed <date>]