C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Romania.htm
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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking for
material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this
page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and how
some succeed in leaving. Perhaps your
paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their leaving. Other factors of interest might be poverty,
rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction, hunger, neglect,
etc. On the other hand, you might
choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who control this
activity. There is a lot to the
subject of Child Prostitution. Scan
other countries as well as this one.
Draw comparisons between activity in adjacent countries and/or
regions. Meanwhile, check out some of
the Term-Paper
resources that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Country
Information Terre des Hommes via
its Internet platform against sexual exploitation of children in tourism
www.child-hood.com www.child-hood.com/index.php?id=722&type=6&type=6 [accessed 17
September 2011] COMMERCIAL
SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN IN TOURISM - LAW
- The sexual abuse of children in Romania is punished with prison sentences
of up to fifteen years. Romania ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of
the Child in October 1990, and in January 2002 it ratified the optional
protocol on child trafficking, child prostitution, and child pornography ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Country
Monitoring Report [PDF] Hannah Darnton, ECPAT International, 2012 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/A4A_V2_EU_ROMANIA.pdf [accessed 6
September 2020] Desk review of existing
information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in Romania. The
report looks at protection mechanisms, responses, preventive measures, child
and youth participation in fighting SEC, and makes recommendations for action
against SEC. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/romania/ [accessed 6
September 2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - The law provides one- to 10-year prison sentences for
persons convicted of sexual acts with minors, depending on the circumstances
and the child’s age. Sexual intercourse with a minor who is 13 to 15 years of
age is punishable by a one- to five-year prison sentence. Sexual intercourse
with a person younger than 13 is punishable by a two- to seven-year prison
sentence and deprivation of some rights. The law also criminalizes sexual
corruption of minors (which includes subjecting minors to sexual acts other
than intercourse or forcing minors to perform such acts), luring minors for
sexual purposes or child prostitution, and trafficking in minors. Pimping and
pandering that involve minors increase sentences by one-half. The law allows
authorities to maintain a registry of individuals who had committed sexual
offenses against or exploited adults and children. As of September the
register was not operational. Child pornography
is a separate offense and carries a sentence, depending on the circumstances,
of up to seven years’ imprisonment, which may be increased by one-third if
the perpetrator was a family member or someone in whose care the child was
entrusted or if the life of the child victim was endangered. Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 31 January 2003 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/romania2003.html [accessed 19
December 2010] [58] The Committee
notes the establishment in 2001 of a national Task Force on Trafficking, the
adoption of a national plan of action on trafficking, as well as the
increased efforts of the State party to cooperate in regional programs to
prevent trafficking and assist victims. Nevertheless, the Committee is
concerned that New Center in www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=201344 [accessed 19
December 2010] WHY v
The number of missing children reported missing in Romania
has steadily increased from 244 in 2003, to 660 in 2004, to 750 in 2005. v
There are an estimated 100,000 homeless children
throughout Eastern Europe, including 2,000 in Romania. Child trafficking and
child prostitution are problems in Romania and represent a large threat
throughout Eastern Europe. Homeless or "street" children are
frequent victims. An estimated 5 percent of the homeless children in Romania
are forced into child prostitution. v
An estimated 30% of sex workers in Bucharest are under
18 years of age. Romania, and in particular Bucharest, is one of the key
travel destinations in Europe for child sex offenders. v
Romania is a country of origin and transit for women
and girls who are internationally trafficked from Moldova, Ukraine, and other
parts of the former Soviet Union to Asia, the Middle East and Europe. Child Prostitution
Flourish in Sofia News Agency,
March 5, 2007 www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=77482 [accessed 13 July
2011] Child prostitution
in Dark side of
migration Ana Maria Smadeanu and Michael Bird, The Diplomat, 03 Oct 2006 www.mail-archive.com/romania_eu_list@yahoogroups.com/msg18419.html [accessed 19
December 2010] After working with
street children in both She asked the local
authorities for help. "But they did not understand what I meant by
children forced into prostitution," says Matei.
"No one wanted to work with them. The orphanages did not want the girls
because they thought they would set a bad example to the other kids." Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Report
by Special Rapporteur [DOC] UN Economic and
Social Council Commission on Human Rights, Fifty-ninth session, 6 January
2003 www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/217511d4440fc9d6c1256cda003c3a00/$FILE/G0310090.doc [accessed 13 July
2011] [62] A National
Plan of Action against sexual abuse and exploitation of children is awaiting
approval before Government and legislation covering sexual abuse of children
is being reconsidered. Some stipulations of the Penal Code have
been modified and the punishments for involving children in sexual acts or
producing pornographic materials have been substantially
increased. These changes have resulted from an increase in the
number of reported cases, as well as pressure from NGOs which have developed
various prevention and intervention programs for eliminating sexual abuse and
exploitation but which, without an adequate legislative framework, were not
efficient. Deutsche Welle DW-WORLD.DE, 22.06.2004 www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1243642,00.html [accessed 13 July
2011] The new law banning
foreign adoptions is meant to better protect Glenda Cooper, BBC
News, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3665646.stm [accessed 13 July
2011] But he is most
concerned by the increased targeting of these
children by traffickers and pedophiles.
"They are taken in a car and sold like an animal, and used for prostitution
in different houses," he said. He
did not believe how bad the problem was until he discovered an illegal
brothel near his sister's house.
"He had girls, starting with eight- or nine-year-olds - most of
them coming up off the street" Easy Prey - Inside
the Child Sex Trade Cable News Network
CNN www-cgi.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/presents/index.easy.prey.html [accessed 19
September 2011] A Romanian
filmmaker returns to his native land to document child prostitution and
trafficking of Dead Souls Justin Logan,
February 21, 2004 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly also be accessible [here] [accessed 13 July
2011] Maybe the most shocking
thing was that the children seemed to go from giddiness to extreme discomfort
when they found out that the man wanted to talk with them, not have sex with
them. It was the talking that they saw as violation. The documentary
showed the author bargaining with a Romanian father outside of a graveyard in
Combating
Human Trafficking - Romania Basic Education and
Policy Support Activity BEPS, October 2003 – June 2004 www.beps.net/child_labor/romania.htm [accessed 13 July
2011] BEPS launched a
pilot project using education to combat child prostitution and trafficking in
northeastern Children's Fund Announces
Major Step Against Child Pornography Radio Free
Europe/Radio www.qlinks.net/items/qlitem12277.htm [accessed 13 July
2011] The United Nations Children's
Fund, or UNICEF, is praising Report submitted by
Juan Miguel Petit, Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child
prostitution and child pornography At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 13 July
2011] The report focuses
on the sale of children in the context of trafficking of children and child
prostitution, and on child pornography and its links with domestic child
sexual abuse. Concerning the sale of
children, trafficking and child prostitution, the report relates information
presented to the Special Rapporteur by the Children’s Ombudsman (Défenseure des enfants), the
police, NGOs, as well as government ministries. According to this information, children are
being trafficked into Youth-Sex
Trade Flourishes In Post-Communist Eastern Paul Knox, [accessed 13 July
2011] They're the child
and teen-aged prostitutes of Trafficking
of children
[PDF] Report by Barbara Limanowska, Trafficking
in Human Beings in www.unicef.de/download/trafficking-see.pdf [accessed 13 July
2011] [Turn to: Anecdotes
of child prostitution around train and bus stations, mainly of Roma children,
are common. The Romanian Embassy is
not interested in repatriating these children and adolescents, and no special
programs or services exist for migrant children living on the streets. Factbook
on Global Sexual Exploitation - Donna M. Hughes,
Laura Joy Sporcic, Nadine Z. Mendelsohn, Vanessa Chirgwin, Coalition Against Trafficking in Women, 1999 www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/romania.htm [accessed 13 July
2011] PROSTITUTION - There are
approximately 2,000 homeless children in Bitter winter for Harold Briley, BBC
News, January 2, 1998 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/43486.stm [accessed 13 July
2011] Some of
the girls are child prostitutes. When you are 11 or 12, with nowhere to go
and nothing to eat, it seems an easy - and sometimes the only - way to
survive. Unaware of the dangers, they fall pregnant, and their babies die.
Those that don't, they abandon because their unformed breasts contain no milk
to feed them. Occasionally there is a girl cradling a sickly baby. Some of
the children have AIDS, doomed to die before they become adults. Worst Forms of Child
Labour Report 2005 - Romania beta.globalmarch.org/worstformsreport/world/romania.html [accessed 14
September 2012] CHILD
PROSTITUTION AND PORNOGRAPHY - 5% of the homeless children in Romania are in
prostitution. There are approximately
2,000 homeless children in Child
Prostitution Seen As Threat to Reuter, www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/63/003.html [accessed 13 July
2011] Victims were being recruited
among an estimated 100,000 homeless children in eastern Europe, according to
the survey by the ECPAT organization.
Child prostitution was rife in bars, hotels and around train stations.
Experts blamed local gangsters, poverty, and lax attitudes developing as a
reaction after the fall of puritanical communist regimes. It said...boy prostitutes came mainly from ECPAT: Trafficking
in Children for Sexual Purposes ECPAT International
Newsletter, Issue No : 33 1/December/2000 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 13
September 2011] EASTERN EUROPE - ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** ECPAT Global
Monitoring Report on the status of action against commercial exploitation of
children - ROMANIA [PDF] ECPAT International,
2006 www.ecpat.net/A4A_2005/PDF/Europe/Global_Monitoring_Report-ROMANIA.pdf [accessed 12 July
2011] A number of street
children in Furthermore, sexual
exploitation of children in tourism has been exacerbated by the development
of the tourism industry in Romania. At the end of the 1990s, a series of
cases involving European and American child sex exploiters traveling to
Romania to gain sexual contact with children signalled
that this particular form of sexual exploitation threatened to add to the
numerous trafficking and other issues related to the commercial sexual
exploitation of children (CSEC) that the country already faced. While it does
not seem that an organised child sex tourism
industry has developed, there is evidence that the country is visited by
foreign nationals seeking sexual contact with children, and appropriate
prevention measures must be taken to avoid any increase of these types of
crimes against children. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/romania.htm [accessed 19
December 2010] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - It is estimated that about 30 percent of sex workers
in Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41703.htm [accessed 10
February 2020] CHILDREN
- Trafficking
in girls for the purpose of sexual exploitation was a problem. There also
were isolated cases of children involved in prostitution for survival without
third party involvement. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
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