C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Madagascar.htm
|
|||||||||||
|
CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of
particular interest to you. You might
be interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and
how some succeed in leaving. Perhaps
your paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their
leaving. Other factors of interest
might be poverty, rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction,
hunger, neglect, etc. On the other
hand, you might choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults
who control this activity. There is a
lot to the subject of Child Prostitution.
Scan other countries as well as this one. Draw comparisons between activity in
adjacent countries and/or regions.
Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Warnings Or
Dangers: Child prostitution Travel Guides - grets's Madagascar Page, Jul 5, 2004 members.virtualtourist.com/m/7a8e1/e9c/8/ [accessed 16 June
2011] Child prostitution
is a major problem in ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Country
Monitoring Report [PDF] ECPAT International,
2016 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Global-Monitoring_Madagascarv2016.pdf [accessed 3
September 2020] [FRENCH] Desk review of existing
information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in Madagascar. The
report looks at protection mechanisms, responses, preventive measures, child
and youth participation in fighting SEC, and makes recommendations for action
against SEC. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/madagascar/ [accessed 3
September 2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - Antitrafficking legislation
provides a penalty of hard labor for recruitment and incitement to prostitution
involving a child younger than 18, the sexual exploitation of a child younger
than 15, and the commercial sexual exploitation of a child younger than 18.
Both the penal code and antitrafficking laws
specify penalties of two to five years’ imprisonment and fines up to 10
million ariary ($2,700) for perpetrators of child
pornography. Authorities rarely enforced the provisions. There is no minimum
legal age for consensual sex. Sexual exploitation
of children, sometimes with the involvement of parents, remained a
significant problem. Employers often
abused and raped young rural girls working as housekeepers in the capital. If
they left their work, employers typically did not pay them, so many remained
rather than return empty-handed to their families and villages. UNICEF’s 2018
study on violence against children indicated all reported cases of sexual
violence in the workplace took place in the domestic labor sector. In 2017 the
national gendarmerie officially launched a morals and minors protection unit
with responsibility for protecting children, including rape victims in rural
areas not covered by the national police’s morals and minors
brigade. The Ministry of Justice, collaborating with UNICEF and
telecommunications companies, implemented a website called Arozaza (protect the child) that is intended to combat
online sexual exploitation of minors and warn potential abusers. The website
includes a form to report child endangerment or online pornography. The Ministry of
Population operated approximately 750 programs covering 22 regions throughout
the country to protect children from abuse and exploitation. The ministry
collaborated with UNICEF to identify child victims and provide access to
adequate medical and psychosocial services. The gendarmerie, Ministry of
Justice, Ministry of Population, and UNICEF trained local law enforcement
officials and other stakeholders in targeted regions on the rights of
children. The country was a destination for child sex tourism. 2018 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2019 www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 3
September 2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 737] Children in
Madagascar, predominantly girls, are lured by peers, family members, and
pimps to engage in commercial sexual exploitation, particularly in tourist
locations and mining areas. (1,2,17,23) Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 3 October 2003 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/madagascar2003.html [accessed 19
February 2011] [65] While
welcoming the adoption of Act 98-024 of 25 January 1999 amending the Penal
Code, the Committee is concerned about the increasing number of child victims
of commercial sexual exploitation, including prostitution and
pornography. Concern is also expressed
at the lack of programs for the physical and psychological recovery and
social rehabilitation of child victims of such abuse and exploitation. Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Reports to Treaty
Bodies Committee on the
Rights of the Child (CRC), 2003 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 16 June
2011] The Committee
further expressed concern about the lack of free primary education; the
increasing number of street children and the lack of a strategy to address
their needs; the increasing number of child victims of commercial sexual
exploitation, including prostitution and pornography; the lack of judges and
criminal courts for minors; the sentencing of children aged 16 and 17 as
adults; the limited possibilities for the rehabilitation and reintegration of
juveniles following judicial proceedings. UNICEF Press www.unicef.org/media/media_18223.html [accessed 19
February 2011] At the official
launch of a national campaign to end child sexual exploitation in Madagascar,
UNICEF and ILO presented the resumes of three studies that highlighted the
sexual exploitation of children in Madagascar. According to the
UNICEF-sponsored study, between 30 per cent to 50 per cent of all sex workers
in two of the country's main cities, Nosy Be and Tamatave,
were children under the age of 18. At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 16 June
2011] The studies found
that a significant number of Malagasy children, mostly girls between the ages
of 13 and 18, engaged in prostitution. The report indicated that much of that
activity was without the involvement of any third party, although there were
some cases of encouragement or facilitation by family or other third parties,
including taxi and rickshaw drivers, friends, or traditional (often older,
female) pimps/procurers. The studies cited social, economic, and cultural
factors as influencing the incidence of child prostitution. Malagasy cultural
practices, for example, permit minors to choose sexual partners, even among
strangers, and to accept gifts or money from them without any social stigma.
The report also noted that prostitution has traditionally been seen here as a
normal activity and legitimate source of income. Comments made by
the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and
Recommendations CEACR (from 1990) CEACR 2005/76th
Session At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 16 June
2011] The Committee notes
that, in 2002, ILO/IPEC carried out a "rapid assessment" concerning
the scope of the phenomenon of the sexual exploitation of children in ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/madagascar.htm [accessed 19
February 2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Commercial sexual exploitation is a problem in most
of Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61578.htm [accessed 10
February 2020] CHILDREN - Child
prostitution was a problem. According to a continuing study conducted by the
International Labor Organization's International Program for the Elimination
of Child Labor (IPEC), there were approximately 700 to 800 child prostitutes
in the city of All material
used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107 for
noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt,
Prof. Martin, "Child Prostitution – |
