C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Estonia.htm
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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking for
material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this
page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and how
some succeed in leaving. Perhaps your
paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their leaving. Other factors of interest might be poverty,
rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction, hunger, neglect,
etc. On the other hand, you might
choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who control this
activity. There is a lot to the
subject of Child Prostitution. Scan
other countries as well as this one.
Draw comparisons between activity in adjacent countries and/or
regions. Meanwhile, check out some of
the Term-Paper
resources that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Protection Project Country Report on The www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/finland.doc [accessed 2009] FORMS OF TRAFFICKING - ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Country
Monitoring Report [PDF] Alessia Altamura, ECPAT
International, 2012 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/A4A_V2_CIS_Estonia.pdf [accessed 27 August
2020] Desk review of
existing information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in Estonia.
The report looks at protection mechanisms, responses, preventive measures,
child and youth participation in fighting SEC, and makes recommendations for
action against SEC. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/estonia/ [accessed 27 August
2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - The law prohibits the commercial sexual exploitation
of children and child pornography, and authorities enforced the law. The minimum
age for consensual sex is 14. Conviction of engaging in child pornography
carries punishment ranging from a fine to three years in prison. Girls are
more frequently exploited than boys are. The Department of Labor’s 2003 Findings on the
Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2003/estonia.htm [accessed 4 February
2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Children are engaged in prostitution in Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the
Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 31 January 2003 sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/bfa2f61011a4a1de41256d04004c6028?OpenDocument [accessed 4 February
2011] [48] The Committee
is concerned at the insufficient information and awareness of the extent of
commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking of children. It is also
concerned that there is no specific prohibition in law of trafficking in
human beings, including for the purpose of prostitution. Estonia working
hard to reduce child exploitation, UN human rights expert finds UN News Service, 24
October 2008 www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28706&Cr=child&Cr1=exploitation [accessed 12 May
2011] She welcomed
statistics that showed extremely low numbers of cases of child prostitution
or child pornography in recent years, and no cases of the sale of children. Estonian children
now receive greater protection during testimony, information campaigns have
been held to promote children’s rights and counselling has been introduced
for at-risk children on issues such as HIV/AIDS, drug addiction, abuse and
violence. Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Report
by Special Rapporteur [DOC] UN Economic and
Social Council Commission on Human Rights, Fifty-ninth session, 6 January
2003 www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/217511d4440fc9d6c1256cda003c3a00/$FILE/G0310090.doc [accessed 12 May
2011] [40] The sale of
children, child prostitution and child pornography constitute criminal
offences. Children from the age of 14 can be criminally liable but
if they are victims of sale, trafficking or involvement in prostitution and
pornography, they will not be criminally liable. In 2001,
there were 58 prosecutions under the Criminal Code for inducing minors to
engage in crime or prostitution. For criminal proceedings
involving minors, there are currently four specially furnished and equipped
rooms for interviewing child victims in Project for the
Prevention of Adolescent Trafficking The International
Organization for Adolescents (IOFA), NGO Living for Tomorrow, and AIDS-I www.policy.hu/kalikov/DATABASE%20ESTONIA/PPAT-_Estonia.html [accessed 4 February
2011] III. TARGET POPULATION - ADOLESCENT
SEX WORKERS UNDER THE AGE OF 25 - PPAT is unique
because it has a special component targeting adolescent sex workers, the
group most at risk for becoming victims of trafficking. Because of the
stigmatization surrounding prostitution, many anti-trafficking groups try to
hide the reality that many trafficking victims knew or suspected that they
would be working in the sex industry. As a result, trafficking
prevention programs neglect prostitutes, the population most at risk.
PPAT incorporates a special component targeting adolescent prostitutes in an
effort to protect the health and human rights of all adolescents. No
indication of widespread organised child
prostitution in Finland Helsingin Sanomat
International Edition, December 6, 2002 www2.hs.fi/english/archive/news.asp?id=20020612IE7 [accessed 12 May
2011] Mero believes that It is a crime under
Finnish law to buy sex services from anyone under the age of 18 - even if the
crime itself takes place in outside Finland. There is a certain amount of child
sex tourism originating in Finland, mainly to Russia, Estonia, and the Far East. The Incidence of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in
the www.sasian.org/legal/baltic/baltic2.htm [accessed 12 May
2011] Statistical data on
the issue of commercial sexual exploitation of children are lacking in every
country in the Baltic Sea Region.
Nevertheless, even though some Member States do not have any
information about the existence of commercial sexual exploitation of
children, the Expert Group has information that some perpetrators come from
these states ... Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the www.sasian.org/legal/baltic/baltic3.htm [accessed 12 May
2011] Children and Adolescents
Involved in Drug Use and Trafficking: A Rapid Assessment [PDF] Nelli Kalikova,
Aljona Kurbatova &
Ave Talu, International Labour
Organisation ILO, International Programme
on the Elimination of Child Labour IPEC, Geneva, June 2002 At one time this article
had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 12 May
2011] [page 57] 9.1 CHILDREN ENGAGED IN PROSTITUTION - Recently the
engagement of juveniles in prostitution has become a more and more acute
problem in Estonia and it is very closely connected with the consumption of drugs.
Unfortunately, this problem has been overshadowed by other social concerns,
and juvenile prostitution does not get the attention it deserves in our
country. ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** ECPAT Global
Monitoring Report on the status of action against commercial exploitation of
children - Estonia [PDF] ECPAT 2006 www.ecpat.net/A4A_2005/PDF/Europe/Global_Monitoring_Report-ESTONIA.pdf [accessed 12 May
2011] Children are procured
for exploitation in prostitution in brothels or ‘apartment firms’, which do
not openly offer sexual services (instead they offer sauna, massage, etc.)
but are widely available and advertised through newspapers, the Internet and
taxi drivers. An inquiry by police officers in the capital Tallinn estimated
that 27 per cent of the 1,000 sex workers in the city were under 18, and
other research studies have estimated a similar proportion within the
country. They can be as young as 13, but most are between 15 and 17 years
old; the majority are female, and it does not appear that a large number of
young boys are victimised. Most of the sexual
exploitation of children occurs in the larger cities. Brothel clients include
local men as well as foreign sex tourists, and in the summertime the number
of clients increases. Children who lack
proper parental care and spend a lot of time on the streets, as well as
children placed in foster families and orphanages, find themselves at a very
high risk of becoming victims of prostitution. Most of them end up in
prostitution independently, rather than through procuring organisations
or pimps. Also vulnerable are a large number of Russian-speaking children
(both foreigners and Estonians) whose families have had difficulty integrating
into Estonian society. Some children enter prostitution after becoming
addicted to drugs, and procurers use their addiction
to better control them. Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61646.htm [accessed 8 February
2020] CHILDREN
- There
were reports of child prostitution.
Trafficking of children for sexual exploitation was a problem. TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS
– A recent study carried out by the International Organization for Migration
(IOM) in which more than 160 domestic and international sources (including
EUROPOL, INTERPOL, law enforcement, NGOs, IOM, and governmental ministries
from the region) participated, estimates that the number of women and
children trafficked into, through, and from the
country between 2001 and 2004 was below 100. Women and minors were trafficked
from the country to Nordic countries and Western Europe or in or to All
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