C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Brazil.htm
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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking for
material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this
page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and how
some succeed in leaving. Perhaps your
paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their leaving. Other factors of interest might be poverty,
rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction, hunger, neglect,
etc. On the other hand, you might
choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who control this
activity. There is a lot to the
subject of Child Prostitution. Scan
other countries as well as this one.
Draw comparisons between activity in adjacent countries and/or
regions. Meanwhile, check out some of
the Term-Paper
resources that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. HELP for Victims Ministry
of Justice ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Underage sex,
driven by poverty, lures paedophile gringos to a
place in the sun Louise Rimmer in Salvador
Brazil, The Independent, 22 November 2003 www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/underage-sex-driven-by-poverty-lures-paedophile-gringos-to-a-place-in-the-sun-736554.html [accessed 9 April
2011] This city, on the
north-east coast of Between 250,000 and
2 million children forced into prostitution in Brazil Libertad Latina,
Oct. 11, 2010 www.libertadlatina.org/LA_Brazils_Child_Prostitution_Crisis.htm [accessed 9 April
2011] Little Girls of the
Night Gilberto Dimenstein, NACLA Report on the nacla.org/article/little-girls-night [accessed 2 March
2015] Twelve girls--among
them, Ana Meire Lima da Silva, age 15, and Miriam
Ferreira dos Along the row of
brothels where the Casa da Dalva is located, most
of the prostitutes are young girls. The reason is simple: by age 18, a
prostitute is a finished woman, eaten away by illnesses. It's necessary,
then, to bring in new labor. The garimpeiros--the gold diggers--call women over 18 years
"chickens," and younger girls "chicks." The psychologist
Maria Luiza Pinheiro,
from the Brazilian Center for Childhood and Adolescence, frequently travels
the routes of this traffic. She has often heard the men who chase the "chicks"say, "I had myself one of 15 kilograms
(33 pounds). It was good." ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Country
Monitoring Report [PDF] Maria Luiza Moura Oliveira – Malú &
MouraEdneia Glória
da Silva, ECPAT International, 2014 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/CMR_BRAZIL_FINAL.pdf [accessed 26 August 2020] [PORTUGUESE] Desk review of
existing information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in Brazil.
The report looks at protection mechanisms, responses, preventive measures,
child and youth participation in fighting SEC, and makes recommendations for
action against SEC. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/Brazil/ [accessed 23 August
2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - Sexual exploitation of children, adolescents, and
other vulnerable persons is punishable by four to 10 years in prison. The law
defines sexual exploitation as child sex trafficking, sexual activity,
production of child pornography, and public or private sex shows. The
government enforced the law unevenly. The law sets a minimum age of 14 for
consensual sex, with the penalty for statutory rape ranging from eight to 15
years in prison. While no specific
laws address child sex tourism, it is punishable under other criminal
offenses. The country was a destination for child sex tourism. In addition,
girls from other South American nations were exploited in sex trafficking in
the country. The law
criminalizes child pornography. The creation of child pornography carries a
prison sentence of up to eight years and a fine. The penalty for possession
of child pornography is up to four years in prison and a fine. On March 28, a
nationwide operation involving more than 1,500 civil police resulted in the
arrest of 141 individuals allegedly involved with child pornography. The Federal
Police, in coordination with the Ministry of Justice and Public Security,
conducted a series of operations to combat child pornography. On May 23, they
executed 28 arrest warrants in eight states. 2018 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2019 www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 22 August
2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 241] Children in Brazil
engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual
exploitation. (1-3) The overall scope
and magnitude of commercial sexual exploitation of children is unknown,
however in 2018, the Federal Highway Police, in collaboration with Childhood
Brazil, published a report that identified 2,487 areas along highways in the
country where children are vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation. (1,43) The states with the highest number of vulnerable
areas for commercial sexual exploitation of children were Ceará,
Goiás, Pará, Minas Gerais, and Paraná. In addition, the Northeast region was
found to have the highest number of vulnerable areas in the country, followed
by the South. (1,44) Child sex tourism is also
particularly common in tourist and coastal areas, and girls from other South
American countries are exploited for commercial sex in Brazil. (36) Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) - 2004 UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 1 October 2004 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/brazil2004.html [accessed 24 January
2011] [62] The Committee
welcomes the decision of the State party’s President, to make the fight
against child sexual exploitation a priority of his Government. However, the
Committee is deeply concerned by the wide occurrence of sexual exploitation
and related issues. Remember the child
victims of sex tourism Sarah de Carvalho et al, Sept. 27,
2010, The Guardian www.guardian.co.uk/society/2010/sep/27/remember-child-victims-sex-tourism [accessed 8 April
2011] In Life on the street
for these children is grim and often punctuated by violence, drug addiction
and sexual abuse. Many girls fall pregnant by the age of 12. The statistics
are heart-wrenching – UNICEF estimates that there are as many as 250,000
child prostitutes in Welcome to Augusto Zimmermann,
L.L.B., L.L.M., Ph.D. teaches constitutional law at This paper was
presented at the Criminal Law Workshop held by the John Fleming Centre for Advancement
of Legal Research at the Australian National University College of Law, 7-9
February 2008 www.brazzil.com/info/188-february-2008/10042.html [accessed 21 July
2013] VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN - A 2002 report from
the International Labor Organization (ILO) reveals that more than 3,000 girls
from the sparsely populated state of Rondônia are
subject to conditions of slavery and prostitution. According to law,
children can only travel with the permission of their parents. But in
practice, many of them have been trafficked for prostitution. Girls from
rural areas are recruited in cities as prostitutes by strip clubs and
modelling agencies, as well as through "wanted" advertisements.
Along the coastal areas, sexual tourism involves child prostitution and is
facilitated by travel agents, hotel workers and taxi drivers. The United Nations
has estimated that around 500,000 Brazilian children are victims of sexual
exploitation. The U.N. also states that in the northern and northeastern
regions, "most sexual crimes against children and adolescents are not
investigated, and in some cases representatives of the judiciary are involved
in those cases." Over 400 arrested
in Xinhua News Agency, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-12/01/content_7178791.htm [accessed 9 April
2011] Reuters, At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 13 September
2011] Hotlines to report
the crime have been set up and have police made various arrests, including
pimps on NBC Nightly News to
feature American Baptist ministry Hannah Elliott, Associated
Baptist Press ABP, Valley Forge www.abpnews.com/archives/item/1697-nbc-nightly-news-to-feature-american-baptist-ministry#.UgkoWKyOAmg [accessed 12
Aug 2013] “The situation with
street kids in Many of the
children suffer from poor health and malnutrition. Because of rape and forced
child prostitution, they are often exposed to HIV/AIDS. According to the
Brazilian Center for Children and Adolescents, Brazil has more than 800,000
child prostitutes. Drugs also run rampant among the children, who sniff glue
to escape reality. The Protection
Project - Brazil [DOC] The www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/brazil.doc [accessed 2009] FORMS OF TRAFFICKING - Along the border
between Official Brazilian
sources acknowledge that child prostitution is a growing problem within the
country. According to a January 2005
report, child prostitution rings operate in 937 municipalities throughout the
country. Nearly a third of those rings are located in poor areas of the
northeast. Truck drivers have noted an
enormous increase in prostituted children working the highways throughout the
country in recent years. Estimates vary
widely as to the number of children and women in the commercial sex industry
in Brazil. Numbers range from as low as 100,000 to as high as 2 million. Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action [DOC] ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Report
by Special Rapporteur [DOC] U.N. Economic and
Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, Fifty ninth session, 6 January
2003 www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/217511d4440fc9d6c1256cda003c3a00/$FILE/G0310090.doc [accessed 9 April
2011] [30] The Statute of
the Child and Adolescent criminalizes the sale of children, child
prostitution and child pornography, and the child involved does not incur
criminal liability. UNICEF is involved in a number of initiatives
to combat sexual abuse and exploitation of girls, particularly in the north
and north-east regions, and is studying the phenomenon of commercial sexual
exploitation and domestic sexual abuse of girls, including the situation of
street children, many of whom who resort to prostitution for
survival. However, commercial sexual exploitation affects a far
wider number of girls who may live at home or in guesthouses, apartments and
brothels. Sexual exploitation of boys on the street also occurs,
but there is very little research or information published about
it. Children are exploited through sex tourism, and government
efforts against this include circulars sent by the National Tourist Board to
hotels warning of the consequences of involvement in sexual
exploitation. “Sexual Exploitation of Children is a Crime”
has been stamped on tourist literature and airline ticket covers. The Associated Press
AP, www.caycompass.com/cgi-bin/CFPnews.cgi?ID=1008126 [accessed 9 April
2011] Brazilian federal
police arrested 27 people in a nationwide crackdown on child prostitution,
authorities said Thursday. Police also
scooped up 51 children – including three younger than 12 years old – during
Wednesday’s operation, which coincided with Carmen J. Gentile,
The San Francisco Chronicle Foreign Service, www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/02/05/MNG0TB6KQV1.DTL [accessed 9 April
2011] Seeking to crack
down on an epidemic of child prostitution, the Brazilian government is
targeting Carnival, the annual pre-Lenten festival during which the illicit
trade reaches its zenith. BBC News, 27
January, 2005 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4212133.stm [accessed 9 April
2011] Child prostitution
rackets operate in almost 1,000 municipalities in Child Prostitution
On The Rise In Selma B. de
Oliveira, International Child Resource Institute ICRI, December 1995 pangaea.org/street_children/latin/prost.htm [accessed 9 April
2011] The
prostitution of girls in Brazil is the direct consequence of years of
economic recession, and the low status afforded to women in the country. Because women have a limited access to
occupations and resources, they are the ones hardest hit during economic
crises. With the growth of the tourism
industry, selling their bodies has become a way for poor girls to have access
to the dollars of tourists. People's Daily
Online, 14 Dec 2001 english.people.com.cn/200112/14/print20011214_86677.html [accessed 9 April
2011] Little Girls Of The
Night Gilberto Dimentein, North American Congress on Latin America NACLA
Report on the pangaea.org/street_children/latin/brzpros.htm [accessed 9 April
2011] Indeed a number of
girls consider prostitution an avenue to freedom. They are fleeing the
oppression of a patriarchal household, where it is not uncommon for the
family to be in conflict and often violent. In some cases, the girls are
trying to escape boring, poorly paid jobs. They are seduced by the dream of
having a room of their own and earning more money. The Price of a
Slave in Bernardete Toneto,
[originally in Portuguese in the newspaper Brasil
de Fato], February 2004 www.brazzil.com/component/content/article/74-february-2004/1662.html [accessed 17 April
2012] Report by Special
Rapporteur - U.N. Economic and
Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, Sixtieth session, 3 February 2004 www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/0/AAFEFB3D35FBDE1DC1256E580038281D/$File/G0410754.doc?OpenElement [accessed 9 April 2011] 26. Sex tourism is
one of the most widespread forms of CSEC in 32. Statistics on
child labour for 2001 indicated that 5.5 million children aged between 5 and
17 work. Twenty-two per cent of
working children do not attend school.
Five hundred thousand girl children aged 5 to 14 perform domestic
work. This is an invisible form of
child labour that exposes girls to the risk of sexual exploitation. [unspecified news
agencies], 2004-02-12 www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-02/12/content_305401.htm [accessed 9 April
2011] A
special U.N. envoy said in November the problem of child prostitution and
sexual exploitation in The Associated Press
AP WorldStream English: www.stopdemand.org/afawcs0112878/ID=70/newsdetails.html [accessed 9 April
2011] "The political
commitment of the government to fight child sexual exploitation is strong and
tangible," said Juan Miguel Petit, U.N. special envoy on the sale of
children, child prostitution and child pornography. But tougher rules are
needed to protect young victims who may number up to 500,000, Petit said in a
report. "The policy framework for
fighting exploitation is in place," he said. "But filtering
policies and programs from the central, federal level down to the grass-roots
level is a major difficulty." Brazil
and UNICEF join to end child prostitution Arabela Rota, UN Chronicle,
Winter 1997 international.vlex.com/vid/brazil-join-end-child-prostitution-53760367 [accessed 11
September 2012] In Steve Kingstone, BBC
News, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3879001.stm [accessed 9 April
2011] Congress approved a
report recommending that more than 200 people be investigated for crimes
against children and adolescents.
Those under suspicion include senior public figures, among them
politicians, judges, business leaders and priests. It is thought that up to half a million
children in ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61718.htm [accessed 7 February
2020] TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS
- According to the Child prostitution
also developed in the areas served by the country's navigable rivers,
particularly in ports and at international borders. NGOs estimated that
approximately 500 thousand children were involved in prostitution. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/brazil.htm [accessed 24 January
2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor CURRENT
GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS TO ELIMINATE THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR - The National Plan
to Fight Sexual Violence Against Children and Adolescents provides the policy
framework for the government’s programs to combat the commercial sexual
exploitation of children and adolescents. These efforts include initiatives
to assist victims and raise awareness. The primary program to assist child
victims of commercial sexual exploitation is the Sentinel Program, which
establishes local reference centers to provide victims with psychological,
social, and legal services. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt,
Prof. Martin, "Child Prostitution - |
