C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm
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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of
particular interest to you. You might
be interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and
how some succeed in leaving. Perhaps
your paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their
leaving. Other factors of interest
might be poverty, rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction,
hunger, neglect, etc. On the other hand,
you might choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who
control this activity. There is a lot
to the subject of Child Prostitution.
Scan other countries as well as this one. Draw comparisons between activity in
adjacent countries and/or regions.
Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. HELP for Victims Crime
Catchers Hotline ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Child Sex
Trafficking Study By CU-Boulder Sociologist Reveals Misperceptions www.colorado.edu/news/releases/2005/02/28/child-sex-trafficking-study-cu-boulder-sociologist-reveals-misperceptions [accessed 28 August
2012] The UNICEF study of Bosnia-Herzegovina found a system that included combinations of voluntary prostitution, various forms of indentured servitude, and outright slave captivity. "Very often it's not organized criminals but close relatives or family friends who encourage girls in poverty-stricken families to seek work abroad as an 'au pair or waitress.' These acquaintances know full well that the girl will be put to work as a prostitute and that they will directly profit from the referral. - htsccp ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Report on the
scale, scope and context of the sexual exploitation of children [PDF] Sunethra Sathyanarayanan,
ECPAT International, November 2018 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/ECPAT-Country-Overview-Report-Bosnia-Herzegovina-2018.pdf [accessed 26 August
2020] Desk review of
existing information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. The overview gathers existing publicly available information on
sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism (SECTT), online child
sexual exploitation (OCSE), trafficking of children for sexual purposes,
sexual exploitation of children through prostitution, child early and forced
marriage (CEFM) and identifies gaps, research needs, and recommendations. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor,
March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/bosnia-and-herzegovina/ [accessed 23 August
2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - The Federation, the RS, and the Brcko
District have laws criminalizing sex trafficking, forced labor, and organized
human trafficking. The state-level penalty for sexual exploitation of
children is imprisonment for up to 20 years under certain aggravating
circumstances. At the entity level, penalties range from three to 15 years’
imprisonment. Under entity criminal codes, the abuse of a child or juvenile
for pornography is a crime that carries a sentence of one to five years in
prison. Authorities generally enforced these laws. The law prohibits sexual
acts with a person younger than 18. Girls were
subjected to commercial sexual exploitation, and there were reports that Romani girls as young as 12 endured early and forced
marriage and domestic servitude. Children were used in the production of
pornography. 2018 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2019 www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 22 August
2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 222] In 2018, BiH experienced an increase in migrants from Africa and the
Middle East. (17) More than 23,700 refugees
and migrants, including children, from Pakistan, Iran, Syria, Afghanistan,
Iraq, Libya, Palestine, Algeria, Bangladesh,
and India were registered in the country. (17,36)
From this total, 972 children participated in informal learning activities, 330 unaccompanied
minors benefited from child protection support, and 17 children were enrolled in primary school. However, more
than 800 refugee and migrant children from this group remain vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation. (3,36) Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, BiH UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 3 June 2005 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/bosnia2005.html [accessed 23 January
2011] [69] While the
Committee welcomes some positive developments in the prosecution of those
responsible for serious crimes against women and girls in the context of
trafficking and forced prostitution, as well as the adoption by the Council
of Ministers of a National Plan of Action to combat trafficking in 2001, it
is concerned that a growing number of children under 18, especially
adolescents girls, are still being trafficked for the purpose of sexual
exploitation. Research on Child
Trafficking in UNICEF BiH and Save the Children www.childtrafficking.com/Docs/unicef_research_on_child_trafficking_in_bosnia_and_herzegovina_10.pdf [accessed 7 April 2011] EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
- The findings of the research confirm that a considerable number of children
have been trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation in BiH over the past three years. Based on the responses
given by the police, NGOs (non-governmental organizations) and IOM
(International Organization for Migration), between 110 and 160 children have
been identified as trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation in BiH between 1999 and early 2003. The majority of the
victims are over the age of 14; a few are as young as 10. Trafficking of
women & girls to post-conflict Bosnia-Herzegovina for forced prostitution Human Rights Watch
Report, Volume 14 No. 9 (D), November 2002 www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2002/bosnia/Bosnia1102-01.htm#P164_4470 [accessed 7 April 2011] EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
- The interviews and transcripts revealed with few exceptions that
traffickers, most of them local Bosnians, needed harbor little fear of
criminal prosecution or punishment for their crimes: trafficking laws went
largely un-enforced, providing no protection for the victims of these serious
human rights abuses. Corruption within the Bosnian police force allowed the
trafficking of women and girls to flourish. Local police officers facilitated
trafficking both directly and indirectly-as part owners of nightclubs and
bars holding trafficked women, as guards and employees in those
establishments, as clients of the brothels, and as informants to brothel
owners. Trafficked women and girls reported that brothel owners forced them
to provide free sexual services to police, particularly to officers employed
in the foreigners' department, the unit responsible for issuing work and
residency permits. Amnesty
International Report 2004 - Amnesty
International, 26 May 2004 www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,AMNESTY,ANNUALREPORT,BIH,,40b5a1ee14,0.html [accessed 7 April 2011] [accessed 30 October 2016] TRAFFICKING
IN WOMEN AND GIRLS
- Some positive developments were noted in the prosecution of those
responsible for serious human rights abuses against women and girls in the
context of trafficking and forced prostitution. In March the owner of a local
nightclub was found guilty of enslavement and sentenced. The case marked the
first conviction in the Federation for enslavement; those tried in
trafficking cases had previously always been charged with the lesser offence
of procurement. In May, five Bosnian Serb men were handed over to the custody
of the State Court, which started an investigation into their alleged
involvement in the trafficking of women and girls who had been forced to engage
in prostitution in a chain of nightclubs in Prijedor. 33
Victims of Human Trafficking Aided by UN Mission BRAMA, November 16,
2000 www.brama.com/news/press/001116trafficking.html [accessed 7 April 2011] According to the Factbook
on Global Sexual Exploitation - The Factbook on
Global Sexual Exploitation, Donna M. Hughes, Laura Joy Sporcic,
Nadine Z. Mendelsohn, Vanessa Chirgwin, Coalition
Against Trafficking in Women, 1999 www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/bosnia.htm [accessed 7 April 2011] Italian NATO
peacekeeping soldiers in ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 8, 2006 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61640.htm [accessed 7 February
2020] TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS
- The country was a destination, transit point, and, to a lesser extent,
country of origin for women, girls, and, in a few cases, teenage boys
trafficked for sexual exploitation. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/bosnia-herzegovina.htm [accessed 23 January
2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - The prostitution and trafficking of girls to, from,
and within the country continues to be a problem. Reports indicate that there
are growing numbers of minors, primarily girls ages
14 to 18 years, who are trafficked from less economically developed Eastern
Bosnia to more economically developed Western Bosnia and externally to
Eastern and All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt,
Prof. Martin, "Child Prostitution - Bosnia-Herzegovina",
http://gvnet.com/childprostitution/ Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm,
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