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CAUTION: The following links and
accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation
in Rwanda in the early years of the 21st Century. Some of these links
may lead to websites that present allegations that are unsubstantiated,
misleading or even false. No attempt has been made to validate
their authenticity or to verify their content. HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of poverty are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring the relationship between distribution of labor and
per-capita GDP, for example. Perhaps
your paper could focus on life expectancy or infant mortality. Other factors of interest might be
unemployment, literacy, access to basic services, etc. On the other hand, you might choose to
include some of the possible outgrowths of poverty such as Human Trafficking,
Street Children,
or even Prostitution. There is a lot to the subject of
Poverty. Scan other countries as well
as this one. Draw comparisons between
activity in adjacent countries and/or regions. Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. *** Extreme Weather *** In Rwanda, extreme
weather events have become increasingly frequent, impacting the nation’s
population and environment. Rwanda is one of the most climate-impacted
nations on Earth. Its inherent vulnerability stems from factors such as
deforestation, poor farming practices, and environmental degradation. The
region has witnessed a 134% increase in climate-fueled, flood-related
disasters globally between 2000 and 2023. – adapted from Microsoft BING Copilot World
Bank Climate & Develoment Reports Rwanda Country Climate and Development Report, World Bank Group, Sept 2022 [accessed 9 Dec 2024] The
CCDR finds that Rwanda’s unconditional adaptation and mitigation commitments
(i.e., the actions the country plans to implement through 2030 using existing
and planned domestic and external financial resources) would substantially
dampen the shocks to GDP resulting from increased weather variability.
Unconditional NDC investments would boost industrial output and employment
during project implementation compared to their baseline levels. The CCDR
also finds that conditional actions boost the capital stock above the
baseline by more than 4% on average in the late-2020s and by 1% towards
mid-century. The additional climate investments in agriculture, energy, and
infrastructure simulated in the CCDR could also accelerate the pace of
structural transformation. *** ARCHIVES *** The World Factbook - Rwanda U.S. Central Intelligence Agency CIA www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rw.html [accessed 17
November 2020] World Factbook
website has moved to ---> www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda/ [accessed 8January 2021] ECONOMIC OVERVIEW - agriculture,
minerals, and agro-processing account for about 63% of export earnings;
tourism, minerals, coffee, and tea are main
sources of foreign exchange; food production often does not keeppace with demand, requiring food imports GDP -
per capita (PPP): $2,100 (2017
est.) Labor
force - by occupation: agriculture:
75.3% industry:
6.7% services: 18% (2012 est.) Unemployment
rate: 2.7% (2014
est.) Population
below poverty line: 39.1% (2015
est.) Maternal
mortality rate: 248 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) Infant
mortality rate: total: 28 deaths/1,000 live births Life
expectancy at birth: total population: 65.1 years Drinking
water source: improved: total: 79.5% of
population Physicians
density: 0.14 physicians/1,000 population (2017) Sanitation
facility access: improved: total: 80.9% of
population Electricity
access: electrification - total population: 43% (2017) The
Borgen Project - Rwanda borgenproject.org/category/rwanda/ [accessed 2 March 2021] The Borgen Project works with U.S. leaders to utilize the
United States’ platform behind efforts toward improving living conditions for
the world’s poor. It is an innovative,
national campaign that is working to make poverty a focus of U.S. foreign
policy. It believes that leaders of
the most powerful nation on earth should be doing more to address global
poverty. From ending segregation to providing women with the right to vote,
nearly every wrong ever righted in history was achieved through advocacy. The
Borgen Project addresses the big picture, operating
at the political level advancing policies and programs that improve living
conditions for those living on less than $1 per day. ~
Agdevco: Impact Investing In Rwanda borgenproject.org/impact-investing-in-rwanda/ ~
Sugira Muryango
Program In Rwanda borgenproject.org/sugira-muryango-program/ ~
Unemployment And Human Trafficking In Rwanda borgenproject.org/human-trafficking-in-rwanda/ ~
Engineers Without Borders: Building To Save Lives borgenproject.org/engineers-without-borders-building-to-save-lives/ ~
Overpopulation In Rwanda borgenproject.org/overpopulation-in-rwanda/ ~
Innovations In Poverty Eradication In Rwanda borgenproject.org/innovations-in-poverty-eradication-in-rwanda/ ~
Poverty Eradication In Rwanda: Four Crucial Programs borgenproject.org/poverty-eradication-in-rwanda/ ~
The Status Of Women’s Rights In Rwanda borgenproject.org/womens-rights-in-rwanda/ In Rwanda, an Investment Market at Home David Lawrence, IFC Insights, International Finance Corporation IFC, World Bank Group, 31 May 2021 [Long
URL] [accessed 31 May 2021] The
World Bank Group’s Rwanda Country Private Sector Diagnostic (CPSD), published
earlier this year, identified affordable housing as a sector with significant
potential for economic growth, job creation, and development impact in the
next three to five years. Attracting private sector participation will
require a multi-faceted approach that is a top priority for the reform-minded
government. Analysts believe that private sector firms such as construction
companies, developers, building materials producers, and firms offering
professional services (for example, architects) could take advantage of new
opportunities in the affordable housing sector. Rural
African women trained by Dubai firm secure jobs Saman Haziq in Dubai, Khaleej Times, 2 April 2021 www.khaleejtimes.com/news/rural-african-women-trained-by-dubai-firm-secure-jobs [accessed 6 April 2021] Twenty-five
women from rural areas of Rwanda have been mentored by a Dubai-based social
enterprise to secure opportunities in hospitality sector. Teaming up with
hospitality group Accor, Evolvin’ Women is not only
equipping women with skills and knowledge but also ensuring they support
their families back home. Currently,
these women have secured placements across 21 hotel properties in the UAE,
said Assia Riccio,
founder of Evolvin’ Women. “The overarching goal of
this hospitality-led female advancement initiative is to generate jobs and
income, reduce hunger and poverty and improve the sustainability of
livelihoods across Africa’s most disadvantaged communities where unemployment
rates amongst women are particularly high,” she said. Heifer
International and Rwandan Ministry of Agriculture Announce $10 Million USD
Investment in Livestock Farmers Heifer Project International, Kigali, 26 March 2021 [Long
URL] [accessed 26 March 2021] To
improve incomes and food and nutrition security in Rwanda's most impacted
regions, international development organization, Heifer International, and the
Rwanda Ministry of Agriculture announced a partnership to invest more than
$10 million USD in livestock and training for 23,400 smallholder farming
households. In Rwanda, one fifth of the population is food insecure, and the
average income per household is approximately $3.11 per day in the 15
districts in Rwanda's Northern, Southern, Western provinces where PRISM will
be implemented. Through
the partnership, Heifer International aims to support farmers to reach a
living income – the amount of money needed to live a dignified life – of
$6.08 per household per day. PRISM will focus on prioritizing three groups:
women heads of households, malnourished children and young adolescent girls,
in order to sustainably improve the livelihoods of the most vulnerable
populations. The
World Bank in Rwamda www.worldbank.org/en/country/rwanda/overview [accessed 21 April 2021] Rwanda has
achieved impressive development gains since the 1994 genocide and civil war.
The World Bank supports the energy, agriculture and transport sectors. Looking back a few years … Advameg, Inc., Encyclopedia of the Nations www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Rwanda-ECONOMY.html [accessed 8 January 2021] Rwanda
has an agricultural economy with relatively few mineral resources. Coffee and
tea are exports. The manufacturing
base is limited to a few basic products. Soil erosion has limited growth in
the agricultural sector. Poor markets, lack of natural resources,
underdeveloped entrepreneurial and managerial skills, and difficult
transportation problems all inhibit economic growth, along with the ethnic
massacres of 1994 and the subsequent displacement of population. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS
OF COMPONENT ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Prof. Martin Patt,
"Poverty - Rwanda", http://gvnet.com/poverty/Rwanda.htm, [accessed
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