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CAUTION: The following links and
accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation
in Mali in the early years of the 21st Century. Some of these links may
lead to websites that present allegations that are unsubstantiated,
misleading or even false. No attempt has been made to validate
their authenticity or to verify their content. HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of poverty are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring the relationship between distribution of labor and
per-capita GDP, for example. Perhaps
your paper could focus on life expectancy or infant mortality. Other factors of interest might be
unemployment, literacy, access to basic services, etc. On the other hand, you might choose to
include some of the possible outgrowths of poverty such as Human Trafficking,
Street Children,
or even Prostitution. There is a lot to the subject of
Poverty. Scan other countries as well
as this one. Draw comparisons between
activity in adjacent countries and/or regions. Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. *** Extreme Weather *** Around two-thirds
of Mali’s land is desert, with the northern and central regions most affected
by conflict. Climate change exacerbates the challenges. Over recent years,
Mali has experienced rising temperatures, impacting water availability and
agriculture. Also, erratic
rainfall affecting crop yields and water sources and deadly floods and
droughts which have become more frequent. Last year, floods affected 80,000
people across the country, resulting in loss of lives and livestock. In
summary, Mali faces a dual crisis: conflict-induced displacement and the
compounding effects of climate change. – adapted from Microsoft BING Copilot World
Bank Climate & Develoment Reports G5 Sahel Region
Country Climate and Development Report, World Bank Group, 1 July 2022 [accessed 10
December 2024] The
five countries of Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger (the G5) in
the Sahel region of Africa are among the least developed countries in the
world. The now regular and growing climate shocks are causing large losses in
outputs, reducing human capital accumulation, and leading to potentially
devastating ecological and economic tipping points in the region. This World
Bank country climate development report (CCDR) has examined the most critical
actions and policy changes needed to accelerate the region's economic
recovery, sustainable and inclusive development, and adaptation to the
impacts of climate change. *** ARCHIVES *** The World Factbook - Mali U.S. Central Intelligence Agency CIA www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html [accessed 3 January
2020] World Factbook
website has moved to ---> www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/ [accessed 6 January 2021] Economic activity
is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River; about
65% of Mali’s land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population
is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and
fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities.
The government subsidizes the production of cereals to decrease the country’s
dependence on imported foodstuffs and to reduce its vulnerability to food
price shocks. GDP - per capita (PPP): $2,200 (2017 est.) Labor force - by
occupation: agriculture: 80% industry and services: 20% (2005 est.) Unemployment rate: 7.9% (2017 est.) Population below
poverty line: 36.1% (2005 est.) Maternal mortality
rate: 562 deaths/100,000 live births (2017
est.) Infant mortality
rate: total: 64 deaths/1,000 live births Life expectancy at
birth: total population: 61.6 years Drinking water
source: improved: total: 82.9% of population Physicians
density: 0.14 physicians/1,000 population (2016) Sanitation facility
access: improved: total: 54.2% of population Electricity access:
electrification - total population: 35.1%
(2016) The
Borgen Project - Mali borgenproject.org/category/mali/ [accessed 18 February 2021] The Borgen Project works with U.S. leaders to utilize the
United States’ platform behind efforts toward improving living conditions for
the world’s poor. It is an innovative,
national campaign that is working to make poverty a focus of U.S. foreign
policy. It believes that leaders of
the most powerful nation on earth should be doing more to address global
poverty. From ending segregation to providing women with the right to vote,
nearly every wrong ever righted in history was achieved through advocacy. The
Borgen Project addresses the big picture, operating
at the political level advancing policies and programs that improve living
conditions for those living on less than $1 per day. ~
The Impact Of Conflict On Poverty In Mali borgenproject.org/the-impact-of-conflict-on-poverty-in-mali/ ~
Poverty In Mali: Causes, Solutions And Further Action borgenproject.org/poverty-in-mali-causes-solutions/ ~
Save The Children Tackles Sanitation In Mali borgenproject.org/save-the-children-tackles-sanitation-in-mali/ ~
What To Know About Healthcare In Mali borgenproject.org/healthcare-in-mali/ ~
Agricultural Growth From Livestock Fattening In Mali borgenproject.org/livestock-fattening-in-mali/ ~
Saving Lives In Mali: Muso Health borgenproject.org/saving-lives-in-mali/ ~
Homelessness In Mali borgenproject.org/homelessness-in-mali/ ~
10 Facts About Sanitation In Mali borgenproject.org/sanitation-in-mali/ ~
A Look At Agricultural Development In Mali borgenproject.org/agricultural-development-in-mali/ ~
Myagro Aids Smallholder Farmers In Mali borgenproject.org/smallholder-farmers-in-mali/ Conflict, climate change, and COVID-19 drive extreme hunger Oxfam, 9 July 2021 www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/stories/conflict-climate-change-and-covid-19-drive-extreme-hunger/ [accessed 19 July 2021] The
effects of conflict, COVID-19, and climate change have intensified the global
hunger crisis. WEST
AFRICAN SAHEL - DRIVERS OF HUNGER: CONFLICT -- The region encompassing
Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal has seen a
67 percent increase in hunger since last year. Continued violence has forced
5.3 million people to flee their homes. Insecurity has cut off farmers from
their agriculture. Last year, along with the economic impact of COVID-19, the
climate crisis disrupted the agricultural season, limiting stocks and
people’s livelihoods. The Sahel struggles with terror, poverty and climate change The Arab Weekly, 18 March 2021 thearabweekly.com/sahel-struggles-terror-poverty-and-climate-change [accessed 18 March 2021] Internal
displacement had increased 20-fold in less than two years while the number of
families facing hunger has tripled. The
United Nations warned in November of a heightened risk of famine in Burkina
Faso, along with northeastern Nigeria and South Sudan and also of a high
hunger risk in both Mali and Niger. Problems
have been exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic.
Action
Against Hunger - Mali www.actionagainsthunger.org/countries/africa/mali [accessed 21 March 2021] In
Mali, over half of the population lives below the international poverty line.
Poverty in this country stems both from geographical and social problems. Two
thirds of the country is a desert or semi-desert that experience long yearly
periods of drought. While vulnerable populations in these areas already
suffer from chronic food insecurity, the worsening droughts make it harder
for people to cope with and recover from cyclical food shortages. Widespread
poverty, food insecurity, and instability from conflict have led to alarming
numbers of childhood malnutrition. Malnutrition rates exceed the critical
threshold on a national level, and the Sahel region of northern Mali is in a
constant state of nutrition emergency. Malnutrition is the second leading
cause of death in children under age five in the country. The
World Bank in Mali www.worldbank.org/en/country/mali/overview [accessed 21 April 2021] The
World Bank portfolio is supporting Mali in addressing its economic challenges
with a focus on education, health, agriculture, and energy. Looking back a few years … Advameg, Inc., Encyclopedia of the Nations www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Mali-ECONOMY.html [accessed 3 January 2020] About
80% of the population was engaged in agriculture as of 2001. Irrigated lands
along the Niger River have been the focus of infrastructure development loans
designed to increase the production of rice. Historically, livestock
production was a mainstay of the Malian economy. About 10% of the population
is nomadic. The dry savannah plains are tsetse free, and production has been
oriented to serve the growing market in Côte d'Ivoire to the south.
Unfortunately, the severe droughts in the 1980s reportedly wiped out upwards
of 80% of Malian herds. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT
COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Prof. Martin
Patt, "Poverty - Mali", http://gvnet.com/poverty/Mali.htm,
[accessed <date>] |
