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CAUTION: The following links and
accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation
in Indonesia in the early years of the 21st Century. Some of these
links may lead to websites that present allegations that are unsubstantiated,
misleading or even false. No attempt has been made to validate
their authenticity or to verify their content. HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this
page and others to see which aspects of poverty are of particular interest to
you. You might be interested in
exploring the relationship between distribution of labor and per-capita GDP,
for example. Perhaps your paper could
focus on life expectancy or infant mortality.
Other factors of interest might be unemployment, literacy, access to
basic services, etc. On the other
hand, you might choose to include some of the possible outgrowths of poverty
such as Human Trafficking,
Street Children,
or even Prostitution. There is a lot to the subject of
Poverty. Scan other countries as well
as this one. Draw comparisons between
activity in adjacent countries and/or regions. Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. *** Extreme Weather *** Indonesia
is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Extreme events such as floods
and droughts pose significant risks. Long-term changes include rising sea
levels, shifts in rainfall patterns, and increasing temperatures. – adapted from Microsoft BING Copilot World
Bank Climate & Develoment Reports Indonesia Country Climate and Development Report, World Bank Group, 28 April 2023 openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39750 [accessed 11 Dec 2024] Indonesia’s
Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) takes a historical look at
climate and development challenges in Indonesia to: (i)
present a baseline for the future low-carbon and climate-resilient journey;
and (ii) develop a framework to illustrate climate-growth dynamics. The
framework is centered around Indonesia’s abundant supply of carbon-intensive
natural resources-land and energy-matched by high demand for those resources
in parts of the economy that drive growth-agriculture, urban expansion,
industry, transportation, and trade. *** ARCHIVES *** The World Factbook - Indonesia U.S. Central Intelligence Agency CIA www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html [accessed 15
November 2020] World Factbook
website has moved to ---> www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/indonesia/ [accessed 5 January 2021] Poverty
and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory
environment, and unequal resource distribution among its regions are still
part of Indonesia’s economic landscape. President Joko WIDODO - elected in
July 2014 – seeks to develop Indonesia’s maritime resources and pursue other
infrastructure development, including significantly increasing its electrical
power generation capacity. Fuel subsidies were significantly reduced in early
2015, a move which has helped the government redirect its spending to
development priorities. Indonesia, with the nine other ASEAN members, will
continue to move towards participation in the ASEAN Economic Community, though
full implementation of economic integration has not yet materialized.. GDP -
per capita (PPP): $12,400 (2017
est.) Labor
force - by occupation: agriculture:
32% industry:
21% services: 47% (2016 est.) Unemployment
rate: 5.4% (2017
est.) Population
below poverty line: 10.9% (2016
est.) Maternal
mortality rate: 177 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) Infant
mortality rate: total: 20.4 deaths/1,000 live births Life
expectancy at birth: total population: 73.7 years Drinking
water source: improved: total: 90.8% of
population Physicians
density: 0.38 physicians/1,000 population (2017) Sanitation
facility access: improved: total: 85.4% of
population Electricity
access: electrification - total population: 97.6% (2016) The
Borgen Project - Indonesia borgenproject.org/category/indonesia/ [accessed 7 February 2021] The Borgen Project works with U.S. leaders to utilize the
United States’ platform behind efforts toward improving living conditions for
the world’s poor. It is an innovative,
national campaign that is working to make poverty a focus of U.S. foreign
policy. It believes that leaders of the
most powerful nation on earth should be doing more to address global poverty.
From ending segregation to providing women with the right to vote, nearly
every wrong ever righted in history was achieved through advocacy. The Borgen Project addresses the big picture, operating at
the political level advancing policies and programs that improve living
conditions for those living on less than $1 per day. ~
Fighting Child Poverty In Indonesia borgenproject.org/child-poverty-in-indonesia/ ~
How Agriculture Is Ending Poverty In Indonesia borgenproject.org/agriculture-is-ending-poverty-in-indonesia/ ~
How Vanilla In Indonesia Lifts Youth Out Of Poverty borgenproject.org/vanilla-in-indonesia/ ~
USAID In Indonesia Helps Small Farmers borgenproject.org/usaid-in-indonesia-helps-small-farmers/ ~
Tourism’s Impact On Reducing Poverty borgenproject.org/tourisms-impact-on-reducing-poverty/ ~
5 Innovations In Poverty Eradication In Indonesia borgenproject.org/innovations-in-poverty-eradication-in-indonesia/ Increased
poverty a real threat with new bylaw The Jakarta Post, Jakarta, 15 September 2007 povertynewsblog.blogspot.com/2007/09/increased-poverty-real-threat-with-new.html [accessed 24 January 2022] Opponents
of the controversial new bylaw banning beggars and street vendors have said
the threat of increased poverty across the city should be strong enough to
make Jakarta's administration sit up and listen -- if not annul the bylaw
completely. The new
ordinance, which would replace the 1988 ordinance on public order, bans
anyone from opening businesses on streets, sidewalks, pedestrian bridges and
other communal areas. It
would also prohibit people from donating money to beggars, buskers and street
children. Academics,
observers and legal experts have condemned the ordinance, saying it was
"ridiculous" and "inhumane" because it discriminates some
minority groups. A
Sustainable Ocean Economy is Key to Indonesia’s Prosperity Press Release, The World Bank, 25 March 2021 [Long URL] [accessed 25 March 2021] “Globally,
reforms that promote a sustainable ocean economy have been proven to harness
the ocean’s economic potential while addressing climate change, food security
needs, and biodiversity,” said Satu Kahkonen, World Bank Country Director for Indonesia and
Timor-Leste. “Continued investments in skills, institutions, infrastructure,
and services will help Indonesia sustainably and fully benefit from its ocean
resources. Additionally, in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, coastal
and marine conservation and restoration activities can help provide
short-term jobs while strengthening long-term resilience.” For the
country to strengthen its blue economy strategy and fully realize the
potential of the oceans, inter-sectoral coordination could be furthered through
a high-level Sustainable Oceans Platform. With this approach, government
agencies and non-government actors are invited to take part in coordination
of policy planning and implementation, progress monitoring, and exchange of
knowledge and best practices across oceans sectors. Pandemic
wipes out years of progress on Asian poverty, from Indonesia to the
Philippines and Thailand Resty Woro Yuniar, South China Morning Post SCMP, 13 December 2020 [Long
URL] [accessed 13 December 2020] The 4.2
million rupiah (US$298) Lasmi earns working at the
factory each month is not enough to cover the family’s expenses, and a cash
handout of 2.4 million rupiah from the government went straight to buying
baby milk formula, nappies and other essentials for her one-year-old
daughter, she said. So she
borrowed 10 million rupiah from a bank and another four million from a loan
shark, who charges so much interest that Lasmi
fears she might never pay the money back. Official
government figures will not be announced until January, but according to the
World Bank 115 million Indonesians have been left vulnerable to poverty by
the pandemic. Action
Against Hunger - Indonesia www.actionagainsthunger.org/countries/asia/indonesia [accessed 21 March 2021] Indonesia
consists of a collection of islands in Southeast Asia and happens to be the
fourth most populous countries in the world. Despite the strong economic
recovery of recent years, Indonesia continues to struggle with poverty,
unemployment, corruption and lack of infrastructure. Health and nutrition
indicators, such as the health status of the population, access to medical
services, quality of care and sanitation, are of great concern. In Indonesia,
which is characterised by extreme inequalities and
high rates of malnutrition, vulnerable communities are also particularly
exposed to climate threats. In 2018, three major earthquakes affected certain
areas of the country, causing extensive damage and human losses. The
World Bank in Indonesia www.worldbank.org/en/country/indonesia/overview [accessed 22 April
2021] Having
maintained political stability, Indonesia is one of East Asia Pacific’s most
vibrant democracies, emerging as a confident middle-income country. Looking
back a few years … Advameg, Inc., Encyclopedia of the Nations www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Indonesia-ECONOMY.html [accessed 8 December 2020] The extended
impact of the crisis can be seen in the figures for 1998, when real GDP fell
by over 13%, industrial production was down by 18.24%, and the net outflow of
invested capital reached of about $13.8 billion. Economic
distress erupted in bloody pogrom against resident Chinese in which over 1000
people were killed, dozens of women raped, over 2,500 shops, including about
40 shopping malls, were looted or destroyed, and the streets were left strewn
with more than 1,000 vandalized vehicles. On 19 May, students took over the
parliament building, and two days later President Suharto resigned, ending 32
years of autocratic rule. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT
COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Prof. Martin
Patt, "Poverty - Indonesia",
http://gvnet.com/poverty/Indonesia.htm, [accessed <date>] |
