Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery Poverty drives the unsuspecting poor into the
hands of traffickers Published reports & articles from 2000 to 2025 gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Ukraine.htm
Ukraine is a source,
transit and, to a lesser extent, destination country for men, women, and
children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and
forced labor. Forty-eight percent of the trafficking victims assisted by IOM
and its local NGO partners in Ukraine in 2008 suffered sexual exploitation;
three percent had been forced to beg; and 49 percent suffered other forms of
forced labor. Women were forced
into the sex industry, or forced to work as housekeepers, in service
industries, or in textile or light manufacturing. The majority of Ukrainian
male labor trafficking victims were exploited in Russia but also in other
countries, primarily as construction laborers, factory and agriculture
workers, or sailors. - U.S. State Dept Trafficking in Persons Report, June, 2009 Check
out a later country report here and possibly a full TIP Report here |
|
|||||||||||
CAUTION: The following
links have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation in the
Ukraine. Some of these links may lead to
websites that present allegations that are unsubstantiated or even
false. No attempt has been made to
validate their authenticity or to verify their content. HOW TO USE THIS WEB-PAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of Human Trafficking are of
particular interest to you. Would you
like to write about Forced-Labor? Debt
Bondage? Prostitution? Forced Begging? Child Soldiers? Sale of Organs? etc. On the other
hand, you might choose to include precursors of trafficking such as poverty and hunger. There is a lot to
the subject of Trafficking. Scan other
countries as well. Draw comparisons
between activity in adjacent countries and/or regions. Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. HELP for Victims La Strada
Ukraine Within Ukraine – 0800 500 225 From abroad – 442 053 736 International Organization for
Migration – 44-568 50 15 Country code: 380- ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Ukraine leads in
number of human trafficking victims in Eastern Europe, group says Associated Press AP,
At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 12
September 2011] More Ukrainian men,
women and children have been trafficked abroad and forced into indentured
labor or prostitution than in any other Eastern European country since the
Soviet collapse, an international migration group said in a report Monday. The organization said
the full scale of trafficking through, from and within Sex Traffickers
Prey On Eastern Europeans Ron Synovitz & RFE/RL's Ukrainian Service, Radio Free
Europe/Radio www.rferl.org/content/article/1060878.html [accessed 5 January
2011] Maria is a
30-year-old mother from Maria says her
nightmare began after she and the other women arrived in ***
ARCHIVES *** 2020 Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices: Ukraine U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor,
30 March 2021 www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/ukraine/
[accessed 29 June
2021] PROHIBITION OF
FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR During the year the
IOM responded to numerous instances of compulsory labor, to include
pornography, criminal activity, labor exploitation, begging, and sexual and
other forms of exploitation. Nearly all trafficking
victims identified in the first half of the year were subjected to forced
labor and labor exploitation. The most prevalent sectors for forced labor
exploitation were construction, manufacturing, and agriculture. The vast
majority of victims identified in the first half of the year had a university
degree or vocational education. Annual reports on government action to
prevent the use of forced labor in public procurement indicated that the
government has not taken action to investigate its own supply chains for
evidence of forced labor. Traffickers subjected some children to forced labor
(see section 7.c.). PROHIBITION OF CHILD
LABOR AND MINIMUM AGE FOR EMPLOYMENT The most frequent
violations of child labor laws concerned work under hazardous conditions,
long workdays, failure to maintain accurate work records, and delayed salary
payments. The government established institutional mechanisms for the
enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor. The limited collection of
penalties imposed for child labor violations, however, impeded the
enforcement of child labor laws. Freedom House
Country Report 2020 Edition freedomhouse.org/country/ukraine/freedom-world/2020 [accessed 10 May
2020] G4. DO INDIVIDUALS
ENJOY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND FREEDOM FROM ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION? The trafficking of
women domestically and abroad for the purpose of prostitution continues. IDPs
are especially vulnerable to exploitation for sex trafficking and forced
labor. Labor laws
establish a minimum wage that meets the poverty level, as well as a 40-hour
work week and workplace safety standards. However, workers at times go
unpaid, and penalties for workplace safety violations are lenient. 2017 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2018 www.dol.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ilab/ChildLaborReport_Book.pdf [accessed 22 April
2019] www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2017/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 8 May
2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 1004] In 2017, the
conflict with Russia-led forces in the east of the country continued. The
government’s continued policy focus on national security, as well as budget cuts
associated with the conflict, negatively affected its ability to address the
worst forms of child labor. (9) Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine has
created more than 1.7 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), including
more than 190,000 children. (18; 19; 20) The inability of many IDP families
to access adequate shelter and available social benefits puts children at
increased risk of exploitation in the worst forms of child labor. (21) In
particular, the Ministry of Social Policy (MSP) noted an increased
vulnerability to both domestic and international human trafficking among the
IDP community. There have been reports of kidnapping of girls from
conflict-affected areas for commercial sexual exploitation and labor
exploitation. (10; 22; 17) Displaced individuals from the Roma community, an
estimated 10 percent of whom lack identity
documentation, have experienced difficulty registering as IDPs; this prevents
Roma IDPs from accessing assistance and puts Roma children at even greater
risk of exploitation. (23; 24; 25) An estimated 10,000 Roma people have been
displaced by the conflict. (26) Children from
Ukraine are trafficked both internationally and domestically for commercial sexual
exploitation and forced begging. (14; 17) Children with disabilities and
homeless, orphaned, and poor children, especially those living in state-run
institutions, are at high risk of being trafficked and targeted by recruiters
for child pornography. (2; 18; 13; 14; 16) Ukraine is a destination and
transit country for refugees from Afghanistan, Somalia, and Syria. Refugees
lack access to state-run children’s shelters, have no formal means of
acquiring food and other assistance from the government, and experience
heightened vulnerability to child trafficking. (18) During the
reporting period, children continued to take part in active combat as part of
the Russia-led forces. Recruitment of children by militant groups took place
primarily in Russia-controlled territory and areas where the government was
unable to enforce national prohibitions against the use of children in armed
conflict. (9; 15) Russia-led forces employed children as soldiers,
informants, and human shields during the reporting period. (9; 15). Mobile phones in
the fight against human trafficking - Trafficking
hotline, Dial 527 Martiena van der Meer
(article) and Louise Dunne (audio), Radio Netherlands Worldwide, 25-07-2007 static.rnw.nl/migratie/www.radionetherlands.nl/currentaffairs/ukr070725-redirected [Last accessed 5
January 2011] TRAFFICKING HOTLINE - In the Ukraine, now even the simplest of handsets could
potentially save lives thanks to three of the country's leading service
providers who have collaborated with the International Organization for
Migration to set up a toll-free information hotline. Customers of Ukrainian
mobile phone service providers KyivStar, UMC and
life:) can dial '527' from their
handsets in order to receive information and advice from the IOM on migration
and trafficking issues, and potential migrants will also get information on
legal methods of migration. Hotline Combats
Human Trafficking, Helps Victims - Trafficking
hotline, Dial 527 International
Organization for Migration, 4 Sept 2007 www.iom.int/news/hotline-combats-human-trafficking-helps-victims [accessed 10
February 2016] The hotline is one
of a number of IOM activities aimed at countering human trafficking and
promoting legal migration from Ukraine. Others include European Union–funded
migrant advice centres established in partnership
with local NGOs. Since 2001, IOM
Kiev has provided assistance to more than 4,000 victims of trafficking,
including medical care, psychosocial counselling, reintegration grants,
vocational training and legal assistance. Caring for the
children who 'don't exist' Organization
protects Ukrainian youth from falling prey to human traffickers Don Butler, The Ottawa
Citizen, January 30, 2009 www.meetup.com/Fight-Slavery-Now/messages/boards/thread/8824673 [accessed 4
September 2012] Since the collapse
of the About 80 per cent
are "social orphans" who live on the street because their parents
drink, use drugs or abuse them sexually or physically. Officially, many don't even exist. Their
parents never registered their births, so the state has no record of them. "That's why it's very easy for human
trafficking," said Mr. Svystun. "You can
take somebody who doesn't exist, so nobody cares." Alexandra Stadnyk, Kyiv Post, Jul 16, 2008 www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukraine-takes-steps-to-curb-trafficking-29255.html [accessed 10
February 2016] NATALIA’S STORY - Despite a
steadily improving economy that is reducing financial desperation, Natalia’s
story is still all too common in Like many deceived
victims, Natalia said she was destitute when a young woman approached her as
she was working in a local market in her hometown. The woman asked if she was
interested in working abroad. “She promised good
money,” says Natalia in a shaky voice, her mascara watering as tears begin to
trickle down her face. “This woman knew I
had no money, no husband, a sick mother and two children and she knew I was
desperate,” she says. Natalia was told she would work in the home of a family
in a Western European nation. IT TURNED OUT TO BE
A LIE
- “When I arrived, I asked where the family was, where the washing machine
was and all the other things I would need to help around the house. Suddenly
a large man dressed in black threw cheap lingerie at me and said I had to
work to pay off the cost of my travel, and that’s when I knew I had been
trafficked. I knew I had been trafficked on the first day.” Natalia worked with
five other women from Daniel S. - 5 May
2008 globalvoicesonline.org/2007/11/06/ukraine-human-trafficking/#comment-1448442 [accessed 12
September 2011] [scroll down to
Comments] DANIEL S. - HI MI GIRLFRIEND IS
FROM UKRAINE SHE WAS BROWT TO HERE BY A AGENCY THAT
BASICLY SELL BRIDES FOR 10,000 DOLARS SHE WAS TRAUMATIZED BY A MAN THAT PAY FOR
HER TO COME HERE I LIKE TO KNOW IF YOU KNOW ABOUT SOME ONE WITH SAME
SITUACION BECAUSE SHE NEEDS A OTHER TESTIMONIAL PLEASE TELL ME IF YOU CAN
HELP US …WE NEED GET IN TUCH WITH SOME ONE THAT DID HAD SAME PROBLEM MAY BE
YOU KNOW ABOUT SOME BODY…. TNKS. Ukraine woman
forced to dance at strip club testifies in D.C. Todd Spangler, Free
Press http://news.kievukraine.info/2007/11/ukraine-woman-forced-to-dance-at-strip.html [accessed 18 June
2013] Lured from the Harbor Springs man
helps fight abuse and human trafficking in Ukraine Louise Nelle,
News-Review staff writer, Petoskey News, Harbor Springs, September 07, 2007 articles.petoskeynews.com/2007-09-07/human-trafficking_24023640 [accessed 5 January
2011] [accessed 14 August
2020] In terms of human
trafficking, Wiser said the committee supports groups directly involved with
victims. They are also working to prevent traffickers from receiving
information about orphans.
“Traffickers are getting this information on when these kids get
released and then they target them. We want to seal this information so it’s
not available,” Wiser said. Eight Israelis charged
with trafficking human organs rt.com/news/eight-israelis-charged-with-trafficking-human-organs/ [accessed 5 January
2011] Israeli police have
broken up an organ transplanting ring that persuaded dozens of Israelis to
have their kidneys removed in It’s not difficult
to become an organ donor. Ads have appeared in both the Russian and Arabic
press. Dozens of people are believed to have been duped into donating their
body organs. We are co-operating with
the Ukrainian justice system. In IOM: Honouring Ukrainians who Fight Human Trafficking UN House in Ukraine,
Kyiv, September 7th, 2006 www.un.org.ua/en/information-centre/news/426-2006-09-08-14-29-02 [accessed 21
February 2018] ABOUT IOM UKRAINE -- IOM Ukraine
began combating trafficking in Ukraine in 1998. Since 2000, IOM has assisted
more than 3,000 Ukrainian victims of trafficking with support including
medical care, psychological counselling, vocational training, and legal
consultation, among other forms of support. Victims of trafficking assisted
by IOM have returned from 50 countries in the world, of which 48 percent of
victims return from Russian, Turkey and Poland. Queen Sylvia of Posted: October 01,
2006 www.forumforfree.com/forums/index.php?mforum=theroyals&showtopic=2454&st=30 [accessed 5 January
2011] www.un.org.ua/en/information-centre/news/426-2006-09-08-14-29-02 [accessed 27
February 2019] A recently created department
within the Interior ministry has liquidated 60 criminal groups that were
involved in human trafficking. More than 700 victims of the modern-day slave
trade have been returned to the country. Smuggler's Prey – [PDF] www.selfconnection.ca/Descriptions/9780143012597.pdf [accessed 19
December 2010] Chapter 1,
Smugglers' Prey -- The Natashas: The Horrific Inside Story of Slavery, Rape, and
Murder in the Global Sex Trade, [Book by Victor Malarek,
Skyhorse, Sep 1, 2011] [Found listed, 23 February 2019] Every day, scores
of young women throughout the former East Bloc are lured by job offers that
lead to a hellish journey of sexual slavery and violence. Despite the barrage
of warnings on radio and TV, in newspapers and on billboards, desperate women
continue to line up with their naiveté and applications in hand, hoping that,
this time, they might just be in luck. Revealed: kept in a
dungeon ready to be sold as slaves David Harrison in [accessed 19
December 2010] The women, aged 18
to 24, are from across eastern Europe, lured from Romania, Moldova, Ukraine and Bulgaria, with promises
of good jobs as waitresses, au pairs and dancers. Instead, they have
been forced into modern-day slavery in western Ukrainian women freed
from sexual slavery in Turkey thanks to phone tip-off United Press
International UPI International Edition, www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/2005/350512.shtml [accessed 21
February 2015] The women - one of
whom was held for six years - were set to return to Ukraine after being
rescued by Turkish police following a call to the "157" hotline,
which is run by the IOM, the Geneva-based organization said. Impoverished women from Eastern Europe are
lured to Ukrainians
Vulnerable to the Sex Trade The Associated Press
AP, 04 August 2005 www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/ukrainians-vulnerable-to-the-sex-trade/210834.html [partially accessed
5 January 2011 - access restricted] Yulia said she left her
hometown of Donestk four years ago for a job in one
of Forced Labor –A
Global Menace Dan Margolis,
People's Weekly World Newspaper, 09/15/05 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 12
September 2011] With her family
life destroyed, Anna became desperate. She struggled on until someone she had
met offered her a job working at a hotel in another country. Anna accepted
the position in hopes of finding a better life. Her dreams were dashed, however. After
being taken abroad, and after a trip across a desert on a pickup truck, she
was locked inside an apartment. There was no hotel job waiting for her, nor
was there a hotel. Instead, she was raped up to nine times a day by different
men who paid her captors for the sex. Anna had unwittingly become trapped in
sex slavery. Russian Girls Eager
To Work Abroad, Despite The Danger Of Sex Trafficking Pravda, 31.03.2005 english.pravda.ru/society/stories/31-03-2005/7977-slaves-0/ [accessed 24
November 2010] The
Ukrainian Interior Ministry and the Israeli police conducted a special
operation, as a result of which an Israeli national recruiting girls from the
CIS was detained in ICE arrests men who
forced women to work as strippers News release,
February 17, 2005 -- Source: www.ice.gov/pi/news/newsreleases/ www.realpolice.net/forums/off-topic-70/28854-hey-michiganders-ever-been-cheetahs.html [accessed 12
September 2011] www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2011/01/ukraine_man_arrested_on_human.html [accessed 7 October
2016] According to the
criminal complaint, xxxxxxxxxxxx, 32, who is a
citizen of Lithuania, and xxxxxxxxxxx, 25, a U.S.
citizen, are suspected of recruiting women from the Ukraine to travel to the
United States under the guise of working as waitresses here. Once the women
arrived in the Trafficking in
Women from Donna M. Hughes,
University of Rhode Island & Tatyana Denisova, Zaporizhia State University, Final Report, 2002 www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/203275.pdf [accessed 5 January
2011] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - Eighty percent of the traffickers are
Ukrainian citizens, and about 60 percent are women. The traffickers use women who were formerly
in prostitution as recruiters. The pimps in the destination countries places
orders with the traffickers for the number of women they need. Once the women
arrive at the destination, the criminal group controls them. Women must repay
inflated debts before they are released and their identity and/or travel
documents returned. If the women do not comply they are threatened, beaten,
and raped. A former trafficker/pimp presented the researchers with
photographs of a victim being humiliated. These photographs were used to
control her. Victims and family
members of victims are afraid to talk to the police. Often victims do not
tell their friends and families what has happened to them while they were
abroad. Only 12 percent reported their victimization. The risk of retaliation
from the traffickers and organized crime groups is too high. The “Natasha”
Trade: The Transnational Shadow Market of Trafficking in Women [PDF] Donna M. Hughes, www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/natasha_trade.pdf [accessed 5 January
2011] www.owl.ru/eng/research/thenatasha.htm [accessed 10
February 2016] Irina, aged 18, responded
to an advertisement in a Kyiv, Ukraine newspaper for a training course in
Berlin in 1996. With a fake passport, she traveled to Ukranian National
Consultation on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children ECPAT International,
At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 12
September 2011] BORDER REGULATIONS FACILITATE TRAFFICKING OF CHILDREN - The Situation Of
Children In Julia. Galustyan, Head of Centre for Gender Studies, PhD. in Sociology
& Valentina. Novitskaya, Research Fellow,
Centre for Gender Studies, ECPAT International, Ukrainian Institute Of Social
Research, 2003 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 12
September 2011] According IOM data,
of 1355 Ukrainian victims of trafficking who asked for help, 10% were
adolescents (mostly aged from 12 to18).
In September 2003, in the There are rare
cases when parents themselves sell their children: In Yevpatoria,
A modern slave's brutal
odyssey BBC News, 3
November, 2004 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3979725.stm [accessed 5 January
2011] EX-TRAFFICKER'S
STORY
- One former trafficker, now working with the authorities and living at a
secret address, told Slavery Today how his former gang would operate. "Most of the time we would use
professional recruiters, but at times we would kidnap women and children
ourselves," he said. "The
children were taken to be sold in "I have heard
that sick children are sold and made into beggars. "The healthy ones are kept and trained
to work for the Mafia, to deal drugs, to murder - whatever they are capable
of. "I've also heard that some
children were sold for organs. This also happened with men and women, depending
on the demand." Child trafficking
in Moldova International Labour Organisation ILO,
Chisinau www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/press-and-media-centre/insight/WCMS_075592/lang--en/index.htm [accessed 4
September 2012] Last year, life for
15 year-old Ioana had become unbearable. Though she
was one of the best pupils in her class, she had abandoned school and decided
to leave her home and her alcoholic parents, moving in with her grandparents.
One day, while at the market here in the Moldavian capital, she met a woman
from a neighbouring village who listened
attentively to her woes and proposed that she accompany her to Ukraine where she could find a
job. Customs was no problem. Despite
her young age, Ioana was able to cross the border
in the company of a stranger, identified only by a birth certificate of a
trafficker's (neighbor lady's) daughter. From September to April
2003, Ioana was forced to sell goods on a market in Czech Police
detained criminal group responsible for trafficking Ukrainian women 22-06-2004 www.lastrada.org.ua/readnews.cgi?lng=en&Id=259 [access date
unavailable] The criminals had
promised their victims respectable jobs with high salaries. It was only
at the Czech border that the girls realized they would have to “work off” the
value of their tickets, visas, and work permits at the night club. In www.lastrada.org.ua/readnews.cgi?lng=en&Id=424 [access date
unavailable] Having trusted the promises
of Zaur Mamedov, a minor
girl went to the UAE, to the town Abu-Dabi. When
arrived to the country, she noticed at once that there wasn’t any decent job
for her promised in A woman of 20, Lviv resident, forced minors to prostitution www.lastrada.org.ua/readnews.cgi?lng=en&Id=410 [access date
unavailable] According to the
Public Relations Centre’s information, the pimp offered girls a job of waitresses
at the camping site. For her own money she bought them clothes and lodged in
rooms. Then she was saying that there was no vacant place for a waitress, and
it is necessary to pay off the money already spent and offered them to work
them off by prositution. II. Vital Voices
Anti-Trafficking Activities www.vitalvoices.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?page_id=56#2 [access date
unavailable] FOR SALE OR RENT— THE CAPTIVE DAUGHTERS OF UKRAINE - Ms.
Verveer talked about her encounters with Ukrainian women
pleading for help with their missing daughters during her trip she made in
1997 as the Chief of Staff to First Lady Hillary Clinton. “They were crying
and asking for our help because their daughters and neighbors were missing
and they didn’t know what to do. It was not until then did we realize how
serious the trafficking problem was.” After that trip, the Clinton
Administration began working with NGOs, legal experts, and government
agencies to pass legislation that eventually became the U.S. Trafficking
Victims Protection Act in 2000. Joint East West
Research on Trafficking in Children for Sexual Purposes in Edited by: Muireann O’Briain, Anke van den Borne & Theo Noten,
ECPAT Europe Law Enforcement Group, Programme against
Trafficking in Children for Sexual Purposes in Europe, www.childcentre.info/projects/traffickin/dbaFile11169.pdf [accessed 5 January
2011] [accessed 10
February 2016] [page 35]
The experts consulted in the course of the research believe that girls
are sold for between US$2,000 and US$10,000 each. The destination countries
are Experts Criticize
EU Over Human Trafficking Bernd Riegert, Deutsche Welle
DW-World, 23.12.2004 www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1438511,00.html [accessed 5 January
2011] KIDNAPPED AND
HELPLESS
- The victims are often utterly dependent on their employers as they are
unable to legally apply for residence permits, Wijers
said. Entire industries rely on the illegal workers who are kept as slaves,
she said. The authorities should develop witness protection programs for
victims willing to testify against traffickers and national referral
mechanisms to identify victims. He cited
intelligence and police information as identifying a growing demand for
underage girls. Women from Eastern Europe, particularly Lilya 4-Ever -
Critically acclaimed feature-length film about trafficking Brama News and Community
Press, www.brama.com/news/press/2005/06/050612lilya4ever.html [accessed 5 January
2011] While exact numbers
are difficult to pinpoint, roughly 75% of the apprehended cases of
trafficking victims in the Mariya Rasner,
WeNews correspondent, Womensenews,
www.womensenews.org/story/the-world/041209/ukraines-top-dissident-raises-rare-female-voice [accessed 5 January
2011] LOOKING FOR A BETTER
LIFE ABROAD
- Because of the lack of equal opportunities in "I had
graduated from one of the top universities in the country, and still there
were no prospects for a good job or a good life," says Natalia Cherkaska, an information-technology specialist who grew
up in Lviv, a major city in Western Ukraine and now
lives in Women's limited
work opportunities "may leave them vulnerable to being trafficked into
the commercial sex industry or other forms of forced labor," according
to the Human Rights Watch report. The
World Bank said in its 2000 report that the trafficking of women from Tatiana's Story Stop Human Traffic,
Anti-Slavery International www.neww.eu/news/news/1,1309,2.html [accessed 24 August
2014] Like most victims of
trafficking, Tatiana's reason for travelling abroad was to support her
family. Through an agent in Once in Trafficking in
Women: www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/sites/608a3887-dd53-4796-8904-997a0131ca54/uploads/traffickingreport.pdf [accessed 5 January
2011] books.google.com/books/about/Trafficking_in_women.html?id=HjqLAAAAIAAJ [accessed 21
February 2018] [page 25] III. TRAFFICKING IN A. INTRODUCTION - In 1999, La Strada, an NGO working on trafficking of women in Information
Campaign Against Trafficking in Women from International Organization
for Migration IOM, Research Report, July 1998, ISBN-92-9068-073-3 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 12
September 2011] [page 14] CHAPTER 3
FROM MIGRATION INTENTIONS TO TRAFFICKING - The nation-wide survey has
revealed a direct correlation between the adverse domestic economic condition
and surveyed women’s desire to migrate. From intending to migrate to
resorting to traffickers, however, is a large step. However, there is a
growing consensus that “trafficking must be seen as part of the world-wide
feminization of poverty and of labour migration”.
When women are structurally denied access to the formal and regulated labour market, they are increasingly being pushed into
unprotected or criminalized labour markets, such as
sexual and exploitative domestic work. C A S E S La Strada www.brama.com/lastrada/case1.html [accessed 5 January
2011] TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN
- A Working paper Carmen Galina, The
European Parliament, B-1047 Brussels, March 2000 www.europarl.europa.eu/workingpapers/libe/pdf/109_en.pdf
[accessed 27
February 2019] 6.1 MARINA - I’d sat there
for a long time and didn’t know what to do. Then a nice women came to me and
brought me some food. She asked about my parents and my birthplace. The woman
was Polish and I understood her quite well. She asked me weather I knew I had
to work as prostitute. I began to cry. 10.2 TANYA - She got the
passport and visa and flew to Abu-Dabu. After the
arrival her passport was taken out and she was informed she had been sold for
$ 7000 and from that moment she had to work in a bar attracting clients RAISA - It was going on
about half of the year. But one day Azim said to my daughter that she had to
move to another man. She began to protest but he showed to her money which he
had received from that man and explained that she became the slave of that
man 7.1 OLEXANDRA - After some time
women were resent to Germany across the river. They were resold from one
place to other by Turkish men several times. In brothels they were pushed to
serve clients together with Polish, Bulgarian and Czech women Concluding
Observations Of The Committee On The Rights Of The Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 17 November 1995 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/crc-ukraine95.htm [accessed 5 January
2011] [11] The Committee
is worried by the high rate of abandonment of children, especially new-born
babies, and the lack of a comprehensive strategy to assist vulnerable
families. This situation can lead to illegal inter-country adoption or other
forms of trafficking and sale of children. In this context the Committee is
also concerned about the absence of any law prohibiting the sale and
trafficking of children, and the fact that the right of the child to have
his/her identity preserved is not guaranteed by the law. ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** Freedom House
Country Report 2018 Edition freedomhouse.org/country/ukraine/freedom-world/2018 [accessed 8 May 2020] G4. DO INDIVIDUALS
ENJOY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND FREEDOM FROM ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION? The trafficking of
women domestically and abroad for the purpose of prostitution remains a
problem. Internally displaced persons are especially vulnerable to
exploitation for sex trafficking and forced labor. Reports indicate that
separatist commanders in the east have recruited children as soldiers and
informants. Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61682.htm [accessed 11
February 2020] TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS
– There were also
reports that both women and men were forced to work in agriculture,
especially in the southern regions, in summer and autumn. Children were
exploited in industrial cities in the east. For example, 2 adults in the
eastern town of Men were mainly
trafficked as construction workers and miners. Children who were trafficked
across the border or within the country were forced to provide sexual
services, engage in unpaid work, or beg. The overwhelming majority of
trafficking victims were women, who were used as sex‑workers,
housekeepers, seamstresses, and dishwashers. Trafficked women were also used
to bear children for infertile couples. There was a lack of information
regarding male victims of trafficking, because men generally did not
recognize themselves as victims of trafficking. As a result, men rarely
addressed complaints to law enforcement agencies. Estimates regarding
the number of trafficked citizens varied, but the IOM stated that one 1 of every
10 persons knew someone in their community who has been trafficked. According
to Human Rights Ombudsman Karpachova, approximately
five to seven million citizens lived and worked abroad, many without legal
protection, and were therefore potentially vulnerable to traffickers. Traffickers used a
variety of methods to recruit victims, including advertisements in newspapers
and on television and radio that offered jobs abroad with high salaries and
promises of modeling contracts, marriage proposals, and trips through travel
agencies. Traffickers often presented themselves as friends of other friends
and deceived the relatives of potential victims. Most of the traffickers were
members of organized crime groups. The traffickers often paid for the
processing of passports and travel documents for the victims, thus placing
them into debt bondage. In some cases the traffickers simply kidnapped their
victims. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt,
Prof. Martin, "Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery - |