C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Malawi.htm
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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking for
material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this
page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and how
some succeed in leaving. Perhaps your
paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their leaving. Other factors of interest might be poverty,
rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction, hunger, neglect,
etc. On the other hand, you might
choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who control this
activity. There is a lot to the
subject of Child Prostitution. Scan
other countries as well as this one.
Draw comparisons between activity in adjacent countries and/or
regions. Meanwhile, check out some of
the Term-Paper
resources that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Saving Sex Workers
in Pilirani Semu-Banda,
The WIP Internet News Service, October 13, 2008 thewip.net/contributors/2008/10/saving_sex_workers_in_malawi.html [accessed 17 June
2011] Twenty-seven
year-old Lima Wochi from Wochi says she was forced
into prostitution by abject poverty. “I found sex work lucrative and I
thought it was a very easy way of making money.” She left her rural village
in southern Malawi and moved to the country’s capital, Lilongwe. She
immediately started roaming around the city’s drinking places and hotels
plying the sex trade. “I don’t want to be
a prostitute anymore. I am fed up with everything that comes with it, but my
main problem is that I never went to school and I can never get good
employment,” she worries. ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Country
Monitoring Report [PDF] Violet Odala, ECPAT International, 2016 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/A4A_V2_AF_MALAWI.pdf [accessed 3 September
2020] Desk review of
existing information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in Malawi.
The report looks at protection mechanisms, responses, preventive measures,
child and youth participation in fighting SEC, and makes recommendations for
action against SEC. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/malawi/ [accessed 3
September 2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - The law forbids engaging in sexual activity with
children younger than age 16 and stipulates penalties for conviction of 14 to
21 years in prison. The law further prohibits “indecent practice” in the
presence of or with a child, with offenders liable to imprisonment of up to
14 years. The law prohibits
child pornography and using a child for public entertainment of an immoral or
harmful nature. The maximum penalty for conviction of engaging in child
pornography is 14 years’ imprisonment, while those found guilty of procuring
a child for public entertainment are liable to a fine of 100,000 MWK ($130)
and seven years’ imprisonment. The law was not effectively enforced. The widespread
belief that children were unlikely to be HIV-positive and that sexual intercourse
with virgins could cleanse an individual of sexually transmitted diseases,
including HIV/AIDS, contributed to the widespread sexual exploitation of
minors. The trafficking of children for sexual purposes was a problem, and
child prostitution for survival at the behest of parents or without
third-party involvement occurred. In urban areas bar and rest house owners
recruited girls as young as 12 from rural areas to do household work such as
cleaning and cooking. They then coerced them to engage in sex work with
customers in exchange for room and board. For additional information, see
Appendix C. 2018 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2019 www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 3
September 2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 747] Specialized units
for child labor issues do not exist within the Malawi Police Service or the
Directorate of Public Prosecutions, which may impede the ability of the
government to enforce criminal laws related to child labor. (29) In addition,
children who are the victims of commercial sexual exploitation are sometimes
arrested by the police and detained alongside adults. In some instances,
these children fall victim to abuse, including sexual extortion, by the
police. (29) Many children in
Malawi lack birth certificates. The inability of law enforcement officials to
verify the ages of child victims may have impeded efforts to prosecute
traffickers under the Child Care, Protection and Justice Act and the
Trafficking in Persons Act. (54) Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 1 February 2002 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/malawi2002.html [accessed 19
February 2011] [61] The Committee
is concerned at the lack of knowledge about sexual exploitation and abuse of
children and at the increasing number of child victims of commercial sexual
exploitation, including prostitution and pornography. Concern is also expressed at the
insufficient programs for the physical and psychological recovery and social
reintegration of child victims of such abuse and exploitation. Child Prostitution
worsens in Cities Pilirani Semu-Banda,
Nation Online, Jun 04, 05 [accessed 17 April
2012] Three months ago,
15-year-old M. C. trekked to Children's
Rights Centre for Human
Rights and Rehabilitation, 2004 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 17 June
2011] Early in 2004, the
outgoing UNICEF resident representative decried child prostitution that was
shown to be on the increase in UN Integrated
Regional Information Networks IRIN, [accessed 13 March
2015] "Sexual
exploitation - in particular, prostitution - is the most widely documented
form of exploitation for women and children trafficked within and from
Africa," said the report. In
certain instances it has been "exacerbated also by a demand from
foreigners", such as in holiday resorts in Malawi, where children are reported to be sexually exploited by
European tourists, or sent to Europe as sex slaves. – htcp Analysis Of The
Situation of Sexual Exploitation of Children in the Eastern and Southern Draft Consultancy
Report Prepared as a component of the UNICEF – ESARO & ANPPCAN Partnership Project on Sexual
Exploitation and Children’s Rights, October, 2001, www.unicef.org/events/yokohama/csec-east-southern-africa-draft.html [accessed 17 June
2011] [2.1]
SEX TOURISM AND SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - In [3.1]
MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM - In Malawi, lack of research and statistical
information about the nature and extent of commercial sexual exploitation of
children hinders the knowledge regarding the magnitude of the problem. Seduction,
Sale & Slavery: Trafficking In Women & Children For Sexual
Exploitation In Jonathan Martens, Maciej ‘Mac’ Pieczkowski, &
Bernadette van Vuuren-Smyth, Pretoria SA,
International Organization for Migration IOM, May 2003 www.unicef.org.mz/cpd/references/40-TraffickingReport3rdEd.pdf [accessed 23 April
2012] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - The major
findings may be summarized as follows: Mozambican victims include
both girls and young women between the ages of 14 and 24. They are offered
jobs as waitresses or sex workers in Johannesburg, and pay their traffickers
ZAR 500 to smuggle them across the border in minibus taxis either at Komatipoort or Ponta do Ouro.
They stay in transit houses along South Africa’s border with Mozambique and
Swaziland for one night where they are sexually assaulted as an initiation
for the sex work that awaits them. Once in Johannesburg, some are sold to
brothels in the Central Business District (CBD) for ZAR 1000. Others are sold
as slaves on private order for ZAR 550, or shopped around to mineworkers on
the West Rand as ‘wives’ for ZAR 650. An estimated 1000 Mozambican victims
are recruited, transported, and exploited in this way every year, earning
traffickers approximately ZAR 1 million annually. ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/malawi.htm [accessed 19
February 2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61579.htm [accessed 10
February 2020] CHILDREN - The government took
steps to respond to a March 2004 UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) study that
showed a number of girls entered into sexual relationships with teachers for
money, became pregnant, and subsequently left school. The study also found
that many girls left school because of violent behavior by some teachers. In
response, the government expanded legal protection of students subjected to
exploitation and inappropriate relationships at school. On November 11, the The trafficking of
children for sexual purposes was a problem, and child prostitution also
occurred. The belief that children were unlikely to be HIV positive and the
widespread belief that sexual intercourse with virgins can cleanse an
individual of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, contributed
to the sexual exploitation of minors All
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