C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Albania.htm
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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of
particular interest to you. You might
be interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and
how some succeed in leaving. Perhaps
your paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their
leaving. Other factors of interest
might be poverty, rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction,
hunger, neglect, etc. On the other hand,
you might choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who
control this activity. There is a lot
to the subject of Child Prostitution.
Scan other countries as well as this one. Draw comparisons between activity in
adjacent countries and/or regions.
Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. HELP for Victims Ministry
of Interior (in cooperation with International Organization for
Migration and UN Office on Drugs and Crime) ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** The
Scope of Human Trafficking International
Humanitarian Campaign Against the Exploitation of Children, 2002 At one time this article
had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 13
September 2011] HOLMES GIVES TWO
EXAMPLES
- A second girl was from ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Report on the
scale, scope and context of the sexual exploitation of children [PDF] Freddie Nickolds and Mark McKillop, ECPAT International, August 2020 [accessed 25 August
2020] Desk review of
existing information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in Albania.
The overview gathers existing publicly available information on sexual
exploitation of children in travel and tourism (SECTT), online child sexual
exploitation (OCSE), trafficking of children for sexual purposes, sexual
exploitation of children through prostitution, child early and forced
marriage (CEFM) and identifies gaps, research needs, and recommendations. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/albania/ [accessed 23 August
2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - Penalties for the commercial sexual exploitation of a
child range from eight to 15 years’ imprisonment. The country has a statutory
rape law; the minimum age for consensual sex is 14. The penalty for statutory
rape is a prison term of five to 15 years. In aggravated circumstances, the
penalty may increase to life imprisonment. The law prohibits making or
distributing child pornography; penalties are a prison sentence of three to
10 years. Possession of child pornography is also illegal. Authorities generally
enforced laws against the rape and sexual exploitation of minors effectively,
but NGOs reported that they rarely enforced laws prohibiting child
pornography. The government reported that, as of July, two children had been
sexually exploited, but there were no cases involving pornography. 2018 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2019 www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 22 August
2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 114] Albania lacks recent, comprehensive data on children engaging in the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture and construction. (3) Children are trafficked internally in Albania and abroad to neighboring and EU countries for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, including forced begging. (2,3,5) Internal child trafficking and forced begging have increased in recent years, particularly during the tourist season. (3,5,31) Street children, especially those from Roma and Balkan Egyptian communities, are particularly vulnerable to becoming victims of human trafficking, in some cases because they lack adult supervision. (3,5,20,31,32). Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 28 January 2005 sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/10c1b349cbae3e05c1256fa4004ac5b2?OpenDocument [accessed 18 January
2011] [70] The Committee
notes the concerns expressed by the State party at the extent of the problem
of sexual exploitation of children in 38th
session Reports - Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) [DOC] UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 28 January 2005 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 13
September 2011] STATE
REPORT
- GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
[Para 56] With specific reference to Roma children –
they generally live in poverty and under difficult social conditions and “the
most part of these children beg in the streets . . . a number of them fall
victim to prostitution, physical and moral violence, and are ill-treated and
exploited by groups involved in illicit activities.” They are not generally
regular school attendees and measures have been taken to ensure they return
to school. UN Special
Rapporteur ends visit to Albania Child Rights
Information Network CRIN, Press release published by the SR, Jean-Miguel
Petit, following his visit to Albania, 31 October - 7 November 2005 www.crin.org/en/library/news-archive/special-rapporteur-sale-children-child-prostitution-and-child-pornography [accessed 10 January
2016] In the area of
child trafficking, Albania has several achievements to report: the
legislative and policy frameworks are in place; there is more awareness in
society; the police is better trained to deal and investigate this crime;
border control improved; the establishment of the court of serious crimes and
the prosecutors' office for serious crimes increased the prosecution
capacity; NGOs gained a valuable expertise in delivering rehabilitation
programs for victims of trafficking and in providing social services to
communities. All this did not exist 5 years ago. They are important
achievements. UN expert fighting
sex trafficking calls for child protection system in Albania UN News Centre,
November 8, 2005 www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=16480&Cr=albania&Cr1 [accessed 18 January
2011] The new Government
of Albania has improved the legal framework necessary to reduce the flow of
trafficked children, but it must develop a national child protection system
aimed at combating the poverty that drives exploitation, a United Nations
human rights expert said after completing his visit to the
Balkan country. Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action [DOC] ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Report
by Special Rapporteur [DOC] U.N. Economic and
Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, Fifty ninth session, 6 January
2003 www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/217511d4440fc9d6c1256cda003c3a00/$FILE/G0310090.doc [accessed 28 March
2011] [25] In January
2002 the Government of Albania approved a Country Strategy Against the
Trafficking of Human Beings and more recently a National Strategy for
Children. Both strategies are strengthening the partnership and
networking between the Government and NGOs. The Criminal Code has
been revised, resulting in stiffer penalties for those found guilty of
organizing human trafficking, particularly that involving women and
children. During 2001, 266 people were arrested for the
organization of human trafficking and during the first half of 2002, more
than 187 cases were reported and 283 people charged. Children aged
between 14 and 18 can be prosecuted if they are involved in the
trafficking of others and can receive a custodial sentence, which would
normally be half the length of time that an adult committing a similar
offence would receive. Concerning rehabilitation of child victims,
several programs, mainly dealing with female prostitution, are being
implemented by the Government in partnership with NGOs, including the
establishment of several centers for young girls of Albanian and other
nationalities. Human Rights in Amnesty
International Report 2007 www.amnesty.org/en/region/albania/report-2007 [accessed 18 January
2011] TRAFFICKING - Despite increased,
and to some extent successful, measures to counter trafficking, Over 4,000 Minors
From Macedonian Press
Agency, At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 13
September 2011] Over 4,000 minors
from For Albanians, It's
Come to This: A Son for a TV Nicholas Wood, The
New York Times, www.essex.ac.uk/armedcon/story_id/000159.html [accessed 18 January
2011] In UNICEF
Calls For Eradication Of Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of Children United Nations
Children's Fund UNICEF, www.unicef.org/newsline/01pr97.htm [accessed 28 March
2011] In Dying to Leave Thirteen, www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/dying-to-leave/human-trafficking-worldwide/albania/1447/ [accessed 18 January
2011] VICTIMS - Ranging in age
from 14 to 35, girls trafficked from ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** The Department of
Labor’s 2004 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/albania.htm [accessed 18 January
2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent
edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - The trafficking of Albanian children as young as 6
years old to Western Europe for prostitution and other forms of exploitive labor
remains a problem. There have been
reports that children are tricked or abducted from families or orphanages and
then sold to prostitution or pedophilia rings. Internal trafficking, on the other hand, is
reported to be rising, with increasing numbers of children in the capital of
Tirana falling victim to prostitution and other forms of exploitation. Human
Rights Reports » 2006 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78797.htm [accessed 17 March
2020] CHILDREN
-
Child abuse, including sexual abuse, occasionally occurred but was rarely reported.
In May the media reported widely the arrest of a British national, who
operated an orphanage, on charges of child molestation and selling access to
the children to foreign sex tourists. According to the Ministry of the
Interior, in 2005 20 cases of sex crimes against children were reported. Human
Rights Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61633.htm [accessed 4 February
2020] TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS -
The country remained a source country for trafficking of women and children for
the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor, but was deemed by
international observers to no longer be a significant country of transit. The
relatively few foreign women and girls in transit originated primarily in All
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