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Human Trafficking
& Modern-day Slavery Lecture
Resources
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[Lecture Resources | Resources for Teachers |
Country-by-Country Reports ]
Kidnapping
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Afghanistan Campaign under way to raise awareness of
child trafficking UN Integrated Regional Information Networks
IRIN, www.irinnews.org/report/23128/afghanistan-campaign-under-way-to-raise-awareness-of-child-trafficking [accessed 24 February 2015] According to the
Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC), human trafficking -
particularly child kidnapping and abduction - were identified as one of the
most serious rights violations in recent months in AIHRC said that
although exact figures were hard to come by, in the last five months of 2003
over 300 complaints had been received from the families of children who had
disappeared. "The commission is aware that many children are flown to
Gulf countries, in particular Albania Replenish rock band see “evils of human
trafficking” in Albania Inspire Magazine www.inspiremagazine.org.uk/news.aspx?action=view&id=931 [accessed 18 January
2011] During the five-day
trip, Ross Gill, Harun Kotch and Darren Lewis from the band Replenish met women
and children who had been victims of trafficking, including Nazire*, a young woman who had been abducted at
knifepoint and trafficked to Greece, where she was forced into prostitution. Nazire’s family was later able to secure her release but
because she reported her kidnappers to the police, she and her family live in
constant fear of reprisals. Algeria Protection
Project Country Report [DOC] The www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/algeria.doc [accessed 2009] FACTORS THAT
CONTRIBUTE TO THE TRAFFICKING INFRASTRUCTURE - The nation has been home to
severe political and civil unrest for many years. As a result of the
political situation in particular, many armed fundamentalist and terrorist
organizations are currently active within the country. Those organizations
frequently kidnap and abduct young Algerian women and force them into
temporary marriages or subject them to rape and extreme physical violence. In
many cases, those women are subsequently murdered by their captors. Benin,
Togo, Nigeria & Gabon New Global Treaty to Combat "Sex
Slavery" United Nations Department of Public Information,
DPI/2098, February 2000 -- Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of
Crime and the Treatment of Offenders books.google.com/books/about/New_Global_Treaty_to_Combat_sex_Slavery.html?id=oQF1PAAACAAJ [accessed 3 September 2014] CHILDREN SOLD OR
KIDNAPPED
- According to Anti-Slavery International, children aged 8 to 15 years are
"recruited" or kidnapped from backward villages of the poorest
countries in Africa, such as Benin
& Nigeria In The Northwest: Bully for those combating
worldwide slave trade Joel Connelly, www.seattlepi.com/connelly/144536_joel20.html [accessed 23 January 2011] Human trafficking
remains huge -- about 6,000 children remain at work in Nigeria's granite
pits. Bulgaria Human Trafficking Epidemic In Bulgaria Make Way Partners, 27 Dec 2006 www.makewaypartners.org/Humantraffickingepidemicinbulgaria.htm [accessed 24 January 2011] Human trafficking
and drug smuggling were epidemic in Cambodia If This Isn’t Slavery, What Is? Nicholas D. Kristof, The New York Times,
January 3, 2009 [accessed 26 January 2011] Pross was 13 and hadn’t
even had her first period when a young woman kidnapped her and sold her to a
brothel in China Agence France-Presse AFP, www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2008/07/15/2003417506 [accessed 17 August 2014] Police have
arrested 18 people suspected of kidnapping children and women in southwest Trafficking of
women and children remains a problem in Xinhua News Agency, July 25, 2007 www.christiantoday.com/article/china.arrests.nine.for.human.trafficking/11849.htm [accessed 28 January 2011] Chinese police
raided a human trafficking ring and arrested nine people for kidnapping and
selling children in northwestern and central The traffickers
snatched more than 20 children and sold some in Hongtong
county in the Xinhua said two of
the kidnappers, Wang Aizhong and Li Caimei, tricked kids to get on to their motorcycle on
their way to school or broke into houses to snatch babies. Columbia Human trafficking's dirty profits and huge
costs Inter-American Development Bank, Nov 2, 2006 www.iadb.org/news/detail.cfm?language=English&ARTID=3357&id=3357 [accessed 30 January 2011] [accessed 30 January 2019] CASES IN LATIN
AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN - In Colombia, more than 14,000 children are kidnapped
each year and forced to become soldiers for the paramilitary or other militia
forces, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Report, 2003. Columbia 'Street of the Damned' Loses its Daughters;
Colombian Kidnappers Target Poor Children Anthony www.libertadlatina.org/Latin_America_Cases_Colombia_p1.htm [accessed 30 January 2011] [accessed 13 August 2020] Like a nightmarish
fairy tale in which young girls are spirited away by monsters, five were
abducted from this three-block stretch of 125th Street in Bogota's Miguelito neighborhood from November 1995 to July 1997.
Not one has been found. Congo
DRC Eastern Congo: Kidnapped Boy Returns From
Slavery World Food Programme,
Dungu, 18 March 2009 www.wfp.org/stories/kidnapped-boy-returns-from-slavery [accessed 30 January 2011] SEARCH FOR FRESH
RECRUITS
- On the morning of September 17 a group of LRA fighters flooded into Duru in search of food, supplies and fresh recruits. “One
hundred and eight children were taken from Duru,” Dieudonné said. “Sixty from that one school alone.” The students were forced to walk north for
two days, into the bush of UN expert urges France, Xinhua News Agency, mathaba.net/news/?x=569919 [accessed 5 February 2011] www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/africa/10/30/chad.france/index.html [accessed 3 February 2019] Some members of the
French NGO, named Arche de Zoe, were arrested in India March denounces child trafficking BBC News, 25 February 2007 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6395649.stm [accessed 11 February 2011] LURED BY SWEETS - Kailash
Satyarthi, chairman of the Global March Against Child Labour,
says "Children are
being used for child marriages. Child prostitution is of course there, then a
lot of children are taken as camel jockeys." Thousands of children work in roadside food
stalls Some children, he
says, are kidnapped and sold so their organs can be harvested for transplant
operations. One of the young
marchers is a boy of 13 who says he was lured from his village in Bihar by a
man with sweets, kidnapped, and taken to India Modern Slavery Ricco Villanueva Siasoco,
infoplease, April 18, 2001 www.infoplease.com/spot/slavery1.html [accessed 12 February 2011] CHILD "CARPET
SLAVES" IN INDIA
- Kidnapped from their villages when they are as young as five years old,
between 200,000 and 300,000 children are held captive in locked rooms and
forced to weave on looms for food. In India—as well in other countries—the
issue of slavery is exacerbated by a rigid caste system. Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan - The Kidnapped Bride Petr Lom, Frontline World, March 2004 www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/kyrgyzstan/thestory.html [accessed 17 February 2011] When the bride does
arrive, she is dragged into the groom's house, struggling and crying. Her
name is Norkuz, and it turns out she has been
kidnapped from her home about a mile away. As the women of the
groom's family surround Norkuz and hold down both
of her hands, they are at once forceful and comforting, informing her that
they, too, were kidnapped. The kidnappers insist that they negotiated the
abduction with Norkuz's brother, but her sister, a
lawyer from Osh, arrives to protest that her sister is being forced to marry
a stranger. Ideally in Kyrgyz circles, a bride's family gets a price for
their daughter, but Norkuz is 25 -- considered late
to marry -- and the women remind her she is lucky she was kidnapped at all. Powell Cites Exploitation In 10 Nations Associated Press AP, June 15, 2004 www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A41729-2004Jun14.html [accessed 17 February 2011] Khan was 11 years
old when she was kidnapped from her home in the hill country of Lesotho The Protection
Project - Lesotho [DOC] The www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/lesotho.doc [accessed 2009] FORMS OF TRAFFICKING – Children from
rural areas of the country who are escaping hardship and the effects of
HIV/AIDS gravitate toward Mali Mali's children in chocolate slavery Humphrey Hawksley in news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1272522.stm [accessed 20 February 2011] At a run-down
police station in Sikasso, a small town in Mexico News Investigation Into The Plight Of Young
Women Forced Into Horror Of Prostitution Nicole Bode, [accessed 13 June 2013] Before the night is
over, the girls of "Zona Rosa" - a notorious red-light district
just a few blocks from the main tourist drag in this Mexican border town -
will make as much as $250 each by selling sex. It's cold-blooded sexual slavery - forced
prostitution that began when they were kidnapped from their small towns in Human trafficking rife in SA Lebogang Seale, Independent
Online (IOL) News, December 7 2006 www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/human-trafficking-rife-in-sa-1.306483 [accessed 22 February 2011] They are promised a
better life in Nicaragua The Protection
Project - Nicaragua [DOC] The www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/nicaragua.doc [accessed 2009] FORMS OF TRAFFICKING
-
Young women leave Nicaragua for neighboring countries or other places for
promised jobs in hotels or factories or as domestics. One report recounts the story of a girl who
was kidnapped at the age of 12 as she was walking to school in Managua in
1998. She had set out for school alone, as she did every morning. A taxi
stopped her to ask directions. She remembers nothing more after that. She
woke up in an unfamiliar place among other young girls, guarded by three
women. Less than a week later, she was sold to some men, who sold her to
others, who brought her to the United States to work in a brothel. For the
next 6 years, until she was 18, she was “dragged from place to place and
passed from hand to hand.” At the age of 18, she managed to go to the
authorities, who deported her. She is now back in
Nicaragua after “losing the best years of [her] life and [her] adolescence.” Nigeria
& Benin 120 child workers repatriated to U.N. Integrated Regional Information
Networks IRIN, 15 Oct 2003 www.irinnews.org/report/46718/benin-nigeria-120-child-workers-repatriated-to-benin [accessed 26 February 25, 2015] Nigeria sent back
to This was the second
batch of child workers to be repatriated from Pakistan IOM launches initiative to combat human
trafficking UN Integrated Regional Information Networks
IRIN, www.irinnews.org/report/23869/pakistan-iom-launches-initiative-to-combat-human-trafficking [accessed 25 February 2015] In 2002, police
recovered 11 infants - the oldest barely 18 months - from a middle-class Pakistan Horrific fate awaits children spurned by
society Aroosa Masroor
Khan, The News, At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 10 September 2011] “Saddar is the hub
of street children from all areas of Karachi,” says Aqsa Zainab of Azad Foundation,
adding that child abusers are mostly found near shrines where ‘langar’ is distributed or near railway stations where
they arrive from other cities. It is from here the young boys are kidnapped
and sold as commercial sex workers. – htsccp NBI raises alarm on child-organ trafficking ABS-CBN News Online, 24 Aug 2008 unionssaynotochildlabor.com/nbi-raises-alarm-on-child-organ-trafficking/ [accessed 16 December 2010] news.abs-cbn.com/nation/metro-manila/08/24/08/nbi-raises-alarm-child-organ-trafficking [accessed 12 February 2018] The National Bureau
of Investigation alerted the public on Sunday over the rampant smuggling of
human organs in the Poland Tales of sex and sadness from inside
Britain's oldest profession Amelia Hill, The Observer, 23 December 2007 www.guardian.co.uk/society/2007/dec/23/communities.socialexclusion [accessed 19 December 2010] 'I'D BEEN DREAMING OF A FUTURE AS A WIFE AND A MOTHER' - 'I had been working
as a waitress, dreaming of a future as a wife and mother,' Alma says. 'This
man shared my Muslim religion. I trusted him. When he locked me in his house,
took away all my money and possessions, I was terrified. But when he forced
me into a car and had a friend drive me to a foreign country where I didn't
speak the language or know anyone, I was beside myself .
My family went to the police but after a week I knew they wouldn't take me
back because, according to our religion, I was ruined. 'He beat me and
made me live with another girl who spied on me. She wouldn't leave me for a
second and reported to this man if I did anything that looked like trying to
escape. He forced me to work in the brothel, but the clients complained
because I just cried all the time. The manager asked me what was wrong. I
didn't have the language to express myself, but eventually I managed to
explain. I don't think she felt sorry for me, but she saw that I wasn't going
to earn her brothel any money because I would never willingly work. She
helped me to escape and I went to the police. This has damaged my life in all
directions. I have no dreams now and no hopes. I have nothing.' Qatar Qatar to use robots in camel races Faisal Baatoutn,
Middle East Online, www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11612 [accessed 19 December 2010] natashatynes.com/2004/10/21/qatar-to-use-robots-in-camel-races/ [accessed 5 May 2020] The US State Department
and human rights groups have raised the alarm over the exploitation of
children by traffickers who pay impoverished parents a paltry sum or simply
resort to kidnapping their victims.
The children, mostly from Bangladesh, Sri Lanka or Pakistan, are then
smuggled into the oil-rich Gulf states.
They are often starved by employers to keep them light and maximize
their racing potential. Mounting camels three times their height, the
children - some as young as six - face the risk of being thrown off or
trampled. Russia Forced Labour In
The Elena Tyuryukanova,
International Labour Organization ILO, www.ilo.org/public/english/region/eurpro/moscow/info/publ/russian_s.pdf [accessed 20 December 2010] www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/publications/WCMS_081997/lang--en/index.htm [accessed 13 February 2018] www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---declaration/documents/publication/wcms_081997.pdf [accessed 13 February 2018] [page 107] APPENDIX I
- INTERVIEWS WITH VICTIMS OF
FORCED LABOUR [page 116] CASE 6 - A 17-year old man from Novosibirsk in
Russia was kidnapped and coerced into construction work. The interview took
place in Omsk I am from Novosibirsk.
At present I live in Omsk because I do not want to be traced. I am seventeen.
Half a year ago they kidnapped me. It happened as follows: I was going home,
a foreign car approached me, and they put a sack on my head, drew me into the
car and then injected me with something.
I remember nothing. I do not even remember how they took me away. It
seemed as if we were flying or if it was a car, it was shaking. It was dark,
like a bunker - they covered me up with something. I only came to when we
were somewhere in the East. They watched. There
were no hand-cuffs, but guards with guns were present, and a supervisor with
a stick was there. If somebody fell, he beat then until they stood up and
collected the things that they had dropped. There were ten of us. We were not
allowed to speak. They kept us in pairs, even at night we weren’t allowed to
speak. The supervisors walked around to check that nobody was speaking. Saudi
Arabia Saudi Arabia and contemporary slavery Pat Roush, March 15, 2003 At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 11 September 2011] American women who
have married Saudi nationals and are inside the kingdom along with their
female children – some of whom have now reached adult age – are subjected to
a situation in which another person or persons have complete control over
their lives, with all rights and attributes of "ownership." They
were forcibly abducted or kidnapped in clear violation of the laws of other
countries and court orders issued by other countries. They were removed from
their country to a country beyond the reach of law enforcement and court
orders. These women – which
include my adult, American-born daughters – have been hidden away in family
compounds for years, deprived of all the choices of basic living, including
religion, choice of spouse or age of marriage. They have been denied freedom
of movement, freedom of torture, equal rights of women relating to all issues
of family rights, the right to education, the right
to remedies. Many of them are subjected to wide abuse other than slavery –
mental and physical torture, including rape. Their basic human rights in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other instruments of international
human rights law are being sacrificed. They are kept
captive with no hope of ever escaping. Some are told that they can leave, but
their children must stay. They must choose between freedom and their children
– a "Sophie's Choice" no mother should ever have to make. I have
met women who have done just that, and others who
hunger for the breath of freedom so badly that they are contemplating doing
it – such a high price to pay. Lives of Street Children in The World Bank News, February 13, 2007 web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:21218879~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html [accessed 21 December 2010] CHILD TRAFFICKERS
TARGETED
- Poor parents who cannot afford to care for their children often entrust
them to religious leaders known as marabous to educate them and teach them
the Koran. Child traffickers
posing as marabous will often kidnap the children from villages and take them
to Slovenia A modern slave's brutal odyssey BBC News, 3 November 2004 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3979725.stm [accessed 22 December 2010] EX-TRAFFICKER'S
STORY
- One former trafficker, now working with the authorities and living at a
secret address, told Slavery Today how his former gang would operate. "Most of the time we would use
professional recruiters, but at times we would kidnap women and children
ourselves," he said. "The
children were taken to be sold in Italy, and the better-looking women were
kept as prisoners and made to work as prostitutes. "I have heard
that sick children are sold and made into beggars. "The healthy ones are kept and trained
to work for the Mafia, to deal drugs, to murder - whatever they are capable
of. Some trafficked people have their
organs removed. "I've also heard
that some children were sold for organs. This also happened with men and
women, depending on the demand." And he admitted to
often using force to capture people.
"If they didn't want to be separated from their families, we'd
hit them until they did what we wanted," he said. "Generally threats are made that
another family member will be murdered if orders are not obeyed." Working in Eastern Europe, the gang would
drive trafficked men into Slovenia,
from where they would be transported, to look for work on places such as
building sites. Caught In Traffic Show: Carte Blanche, Producer: First Edit, Date: 28 January 2007 beta.mnet.co.za/carteblanche/Article.aspx?Id=3239 [accessed 23 December 2010] Every month
thousands of children are smuggled by greedy opportunists and syndicates
across our international and provincial borders. Once on the other side, they
are sold as domestic workers, for criminal activities, or for hard labour on farms. And many of the young girls are
forced into prostitution. Thailand Human Trafficking Racket Being Operated in
Southern Thailand Pattaya Daily News, 22
March 2007 www.oldpdn.com/shownews.php?IDNEWS=0000002594 [accessed 29 December 2010] www.theforumsite.com/forum/topic/HUMAN-TRAFFICKING-RACKET-BEING-OPERATED-IN-SOUTHERN-THAILAND/132903 [Last accessed 22 August 2014] Recently, two young
men from Buriram were kidnapped by a trafficking
gang on their first day of arrival in Trinidad
& Tobago Where Are the Missing People? Peter Richards, Inter Press Service News
Agency IPS, Port Of Spain, 6 Jan 2009 www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=45311 [accessed 1 January 2011] www.ipsnews.net/2009/01/trinidad-where-are-the-missing-people/ [accessed 5 October 2016] When 15-year-old Devika Lalman left her home
When 15-year-old Devika Lalman
left her home a few days before Christmas to buy school supplies for the new
academic term, her parents had taken all the necessary precautions to ensure
her safety. The mother of the Form
Three student said she had also given her daughter a cell phone, but all
calls to that phone have gone unanswered and the daughter has not been seen
since. "Almost all
the women who disappeared left behind a pattern. Their cell phones were
switched off. We also heard that they were transported from one house to
another before being shipped out."
The Sunday Guardian newspaper, which carried out its own
investigation, said that the "clandestine local trade, which operates
through a well-organised network and is supported
by several powerful agencies, is linked to an international human trafficking
ring". The paper said that
children were being sold for as much as 34,000 dollars and adults for half
that amount. "They are mostly
used as sex slaves and sometimes for slave labour.
Sometimes, they are used to make pay-offs in the drug trade," the paper
said, noting that the trafficking also includes young women who were being
brought into the country from "We recognise that legislation is critically important at
this point because without proper legislation, which is really one of the
handicaps in the social areas, we could not possibly move forward in terms of
consequences for human traffickers," said the party's deputy leader, Dr Sharon Gopaul McNicol, a clinical psychologist. She told a news conference that most of
the human trafficking "takes place in small boats where people are
drugged and shipped off to other countries, primarily those countries that
people don't speak English so there is little chance of the victims being
able to get away without much difficulty." Turkey Human Trafficking Victims on Rise Ayse Durukan,
eski.bianet.org/2006/05/01_eng/news78779.htm [accessed 1 January 2011] bianet.org/english/politics/78779-human-trafficking-victims-on-rise [accessed 19 February 2018] A joint study
conducted by the International Organization for Migration (IMO) and IOM, has stated that
the women are trafficked against their own will, by force, kidnapped without
compensation in any form and then sold. It said the organisation
has provided support for 55 human trafficking case victims in the first three
months of 2006 alone. UAE Police sting nets human traffickers The National, 15 December 2008 – Source:
www.thenational.ae/article/20081215/NATIONAL/818203618/1138 www.uaeinteract.com/news/rss-news.asp?ID=33321 [accessed 6 January 2011] Police said they
had dismantled a network which lured women from their home countries with
promises of legitimate work, only to force them into prostitution. The gang also preyed on women who had
absconded from sponsors in The woman was lured
to the UAE to work legally as a maid by one of the gang members, the police
said. She was kidnapped on arrival, imprisoned and forced into prostitution
while the gang waited to trade her to anyone who would meet their asking
price. It is unclear whether the woman would remain here or be sent back to UK Child prostitutes' sad stories Kim Catcheside,
Social Affairs Correspondent, BBC News, 27 June, 2003 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3023874.stm [accessed 4 January 2011] They told Ms Turner they had been kidnapped in She told
authorities that she and other girls had been picked up from local authority
hostels, and taken overland to USA The (ongoing) San Diego, California Child
Mass Sexual Slavery Scandal LibertadLatina, July 31, 2009 www.libertadlatina.org/LatAm_US_San_Diego_Crisis_Index.htm [accessed 8 January 2011] The articles here
below describe one of the largest known child and youth sex trafficking cases
in the USA How an eastern Iowa teen prostitution,
human trafficking ring took root Jennifer Hemmingsen,
The Gazette, April 20, 2008 [accessed 9 January 2011] In the basement of
an ordinary-looking USA Anti-Human Trafficking Law Helps Workers
But Many Still Afraid Associated Press AP, www.firstcoastnews.com/news/florida/news-article.aspx?storyid=65647 [accessed 11 January 2011] archive.firstcoastnews.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=65647 [accessed 12 August 2014] Advocates say the
public is increasingly aware of the plight of young girls kidnapped or
tricked into working in brothels. They say, however, that too often the cases
of farm workers forced to work off ballooning smuggling debts through fraud
or coercion are shrugged off as part of the illegal immigration issue. Venezuela Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation Between
Venezuela and Ecuador Survivors' Rights International SRI, July
17, 2003 At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 13 September 2011] BACKGROUND - Women and
children are also trafficked into Children in Poor Countries Need Help International Herald Tribune, July 29, 2010 gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/gangs-smuggling-yemeni-children-to-saudi-arabia-1.273504 [accessed 4 December 2011] GANGS SMUGGLING
YEMENI CHILDREN TO All material used herein
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Cite this webpage as: Patt, Prof. Martin, "Human Trafficking
& Modern-day Slavery – Lecture Resources - Kidnapping",
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